Table 1 Supply-chain risk clusters... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Supply-chain risk clusters relevant to military aviation

Risk cluster	Description	Authors
Physical/cybersecurity	Refers to risks arising from intentional attacks, sabotage, counterfeiting, and digital or physical vulnerabilities that compromise the integrity of the military supply chain, including systems, equipment, and critical infrastructure	Ahn et al. (2025), Anuat et al. (2022), Brick (2016), Elvemo (2025), Gürtlich and Lampl (2022), Hui et al. (2022), Panko (2011), Sani Mohammed et al. (2023), Sani et al. (2022), Ti (2022), Urmston et al. (2024)
Strategic dependency	Involves risks associated with dependence on single suppliers, concentrated infrastructure, external funding, or foreign sources, which limits the autonomy, resilience, and responsiveness of the military aviation logistics chain	Ahn et al. (2025), Anuat et al. (2022), Armstrong (2002), Brick (2016), Cabrera et al. (2023), Chappell and Peck (2006), Dimitrova and Terziev (2015), Elvemo (2025), Gürtlich and Lampl (2022), Hui et al. (2022), Kleczka et al. (2024), Sani Mohammed et al. (2023), Ti (2022), Urmston et al. (2024)
Hostile external environment	Encompasses risks stemming from external and uncontrollable factors such as geopolitical conflicts, natural disasters, pandemics, sanctions, and economic crises that directly affect the stability and continuity of military logistics operations	Ahn et al. (2025), Anuat et al. (2022), Brick (2016), Cabrera et al. (2023), Dimitrova and Terziev (2015), Elvemo (2025), Funo et al. (2011), Gürtlich and Lampl (2022), Nagurney (2023), Sani Mohammed et al. (2023)
Inefficient management	Pertains to internal failures in administrative, operational, and logistical processes, including delays, disorganization, bureaucracy, lack of system integration, and absence of effective planning, all of which undermine the continuity and reliability of military supply operations	Ahn et al. (2025), Armstrong (2002), Brick (2016), Cabrera et al. (2023), Chappell and Peck (2006), Funo et al. (2011), Hui et al. (2022), Laudares et al. (2019), Panko (2011), Sani et al. (2022), Ti (2022), Urmston et al. (2024)

Risk cluster	Description	Authors
Physical/cybersecurity	Refers to risks arising from intentional attacks, sabotage, counterfeiting, and digital or physical vulnerabilities that compromise the integrity of the military supply chain, including systems, equipment, and critical infrastructure	Ahn et al. (2025), Anuat et al. (2022), Brick (2016), Elvemo (2025), Gürtlich and Lampl (2022), Hui et al. (2022), Panko (2011), Sani Mohammed et al. (2023), Sani et al. (2022), Ti (2022), Urmston et al. (2024)
Strategic dependency	Involves risks associated with dependence on single suppliers, concentrated infrastructure, external funding, or foreign sources, which limits the autonomy, resilience, and responsiveness of the military aviation logistics chain	Ahn et al. (2025), Anuat et al. (2022), Armstrong (2002), Brick (2016), Cabrera et al. (2023), Chappell and Peck (2006), Dimitrova and Terziev (2015), Elvemo (2025), Gürtlich and Lampl (2022), Hui et al. (2022), Kleczka et al. (2024), Sani Mohammed et al. (2023), Ti (2022), Urmston et al. (2024)
Hostile external environment	Encompasses risks stemming from external and uncontrollable factors such as geopolitical conflicts, natural disasters, pandemics, sanctions, and economic crises that directly affect the stability and continuity of military logistics operations	Ahn et al. (2025), Anuat et al. (2022), Brick (2016), Cabrera et al. (2023), Dimitrova and Terziev (2015), Elvemo (2025), Funo et al. (2011), Gürtlich and Lampl (2022), Nagurney (2023), Sani Mohammed et al. (2023)
Inefficient management	Pertains to internal failures in administrative, operational, and logistical processes, including delays, disorganization, bureaucracy, lack of system integration, and absence of effective planning, all of which undermine the continuity and reliability of military supply operations	Ahn et al. (2025), Armstrong (2002), Brick (2016), Cabrera et al. (2023), Chappell and Peck (2006), Funo et al. (2011), Hui et al. (2022), Laudares et al. (2019), Panko (2011), Sani et al. (2022), Ti (2022), Urmston et al. (2024)

Source(s): Prepared by the authors