Table 1.

Design and operational requirements for the GeoTriax centrifuge triaxial cell

FeatureTarget / specificationDesign purpose / description
Maximum accelerationUp to 30gReproduce prototype stress levels and simulate field-scale effective stresses
Sample dimensions538 mm (diameter) × 150 mm (height)Large representative element minimising boundary effects and capturing stress gradients
Maximum horizontal stresses in a radial geometry≈3.5 MPaReproduce in situ horizontal stress around a wellbore
Maximum vertical stress≈2.5 MPa (pneumatically applied)Simulate overburden and enable independent stress control
Stress anisotropy controlIndependent radial and vertical loadingAllow variable triaxial stress states and anisotropy
Fluid typesWater, oil, gas (CO2 or N2)Enable multiphase flow and saturation experiments
Flow system pressure capacityUp to 2.5 MPa (The production flow system is connected to a back-pressure regulator that reduces the flow pressure to 100 kPa, allowing drainage into the acrylic cells located on both sides of the set-up)Support high-pressure injection and production
Wellbore systemRemotely activated concentric perforated tubesPermit sand and fluid production during spinning
InstrumentationPressure transducers, load cell, displacement sensors, DAQ integrationMonitor stress, pore pressure, and production in real time
Operating environment2 m-radius beam centrifuge (GeoCERF)Safe and stable operation under high-g conditions
Total cell weight∼350 kgWithin centrifuge payload capacity and structural limits

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