Table 5

Direct, indirect, and total effects

Effectβp-value
Direct (TL → PE)0.493<0.001
Indirect (TL → OC → PE)0.231<0.001
Total Effect0.724<0.001

Note(s): Indirect and total effects are reported based on bias-corrected bootstrapped estimates obtained from AMOS (5,000 resamples)

Source(s): Author's own calculation based on the dataset

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