Table 3

Hypothesis results

Customer incivility behaviors
Variablesbt-valuepLLCIULCI
Mediation effect
Chatbot failure0.09121.1240.0010.0830.100
Customer negative emotions0.59357.150.0010.5720.613
Direct effect after mediator0.0031.080.27−0.0020.009
Indirect effect0.054  0.03510.075
Moderation effect
Customer negative emotions × Chatbot empathy0.15511.270.000.1280.181

Note(s): 10,000 bootstrap samples, 95% confidence interval

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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