Table 1

Analytical samples and missing-data treatment

Analytical scopeCountriesRowsPeriodTreatment
Target country-year grid542,1601985–2024Missing observations retained
Observed export-performance values541,7351985–2024Outcome available
Core annual specification511,7111985–2024Temporal cutoff: 2017
Extended readiness specification511,7111985–2024Temporal cutoff: 2017
Direct logistics specification514672007–2022Temporal cutoff: 2018
Aggregate export-value outcome541,9621988–2024Temporal cutoff: 2017
HS-6 product breadth/depth outcomes491,1851990–2023Temporal cutoff: 2017
Source(s): Computations from the study dataset (2026)
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