Variable framework and modelling treatment
| Role | Dimension | Indicators | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Export performance | Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | Dependent variable; described as export intensity |
| Core readiness | Digital, energy, productive and financial capacity | Internet use; mobile subscriptions; electricity access; manufacturing value added; industry employment; private-sector credit; inflation | Primary annual specification |
| Extended readiness | Trade facilitation, transport, production cost and export capacity | Power losses; tariffs; air freight; shipping connectivity; lead time; border and documentary time/cost; documents; REER; manufactured and high-technology exports; secure servers | Robustness specification |
| Direct logistics | Operational logistics quality | Customs; infrastructure; international shipments; logistics competence; tracking; timeliness | Sparse-year robustness specification |
| Controls | Development, structure and geography | Log GDP per capita; log population; density; services; lagged FDI; resource rents; subregion; landlocked; island | Not interpreted as direct readiness levers |
| Excluded | Outcome-related aggregates | Trade (% of GDP); imports (% of GDP); current account balance | Removed from the main specifications |
| Outcome robustness | Aggregate value; extensive and intensive product margins | Log merchandise exports; exported HS-6 products; log exports per HS-6 product | Alternative outcome analysis |
| Role | Dimension | Indicators | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Export performance | Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | Dependent variable; described as export intensity |
| Core readiness | Digital, energy, productive and financial capacity | Internet use; mobile subscriptions; electricity access; manufacturing value added; industry employment; private-sector credit; inflation | Primary annual specification |
| Extended readiness | Trade facilitation, transport, production cost and export capacity | Power losses; tariffs; air freight; shipping connectivity; lead time; border and documentary time/cost; documents; REER; manufactured and high-technology exports; secure servers | Robustness specification |
| Direct logistics | Operational logistics quality | Customs; infrastructure; international shipments; logistics competence; tracking; timeliness | Sparse-year robustness specification |
| Controls | Development, structure and geography | Log GDP per capita; log population; density; services; lagged FDI; resource rents; subregion; landlocked; island | Not interpreted as direct readiness levers |
| Excluded | Outcome-related aggregates | Trade (% of GDP); imports (% of GDP); current account balance | Removed from the main specifications |
| Outcome robustness | Aggregate value; extensive and intensive product margins | Log merchandise exports; exported HS-6 products; log exports per HS-6 product | Alternative outcome analysis |
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.