(i) How do specific practices, sectors and governance mechanisms map onto positions along the continuum and how does this vary across institutional contexts?

(ii) Do drivers and mitigators identified for extreme exploitation also apply to moderate exploitation, or are their effects threshold-dependent?

(i) Through what processes do labour conditions deteriorate or improve over time and how do biographical events and job or workstation changes interact to shift positions?

(ii) What roles do firms, intermediaries, public policies and civil society actors play in these trajectories and when do workers respond through (internal) withdrawal or exit rather than voice?

(i) How do the dimensions in Table 1 interact to jointly produce a given working arrangement?

(ii) When does an intervention that improves one dimension deteriorate another, and what unintended consequences follow?

(i) Whose perspective counts in locating the boundary of acceptable labour conditions, and how do supply chain actors and stakeholders differ?

(ii) Through what socio-political processes is this boundary negotiated, reproduced and shifted over time?