Table 3. Overall statistical analysis... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Overall statistical analysis results mean, SD, variance and post-hoc

Code	Description	Overall			Kruskal–Wallis
Code	Description	x̄	Median	SD	H-test	p-values
1.0	Importance of end-user engagement in stages
1.1	Pre-design	8.664	9.00	1.621	2.095	0.351
1.2	Sketch design	7.943	8.00	1.596	7.443	0.024*
1.3	Detail design	8.157	8.00	1.815	0.200	0.905
2.0	Effectiveness of the end-user engagement framework
2.1	User requirement acquisition module	8.579	8.50	1.076	22.068	0.000*
2.2	Design evaluation module	8.250	8.00	0.992	15.133	0.001*
2.3	Overall engagement framework	8.443	8.00	0.942	24.266	0.000*

Code	Description	Overall			Kruskal–Wallis
Code	Description	x̄	Median	SD	H-test	p-values
1.0	Importance of end-user engagement in stages
1.1	Pre-design	8.664	9.00	1.621	2.095	0.351
1.2	Sketch design	7.943	8.00	1.596	7.443	0.024*
1.3	Detail design	8.157	8.00	1.815	0.200	0.905
2.0	Effectiveness of the end-user engagement framework
2.1	User requirement acquisition module	8.579	8.50	1.076	22.068	0.000*
2.2	Design evaluation module	8.250	8.00	0.992	15.133	0.001*
2.3	Overall engagement framework	8.443	8.00	0.942	24.266	0.000*

		Dunn test
Code	Source of variation	Groups	Z-value	P-value	Significant
1.1	Between groups	EU vs HEBP	−1.270	0.204	No
	Within groups	EU vs EA	−1.078	0.281	No
		HEBP vs EA	0.185	0.853	No
1.2	Between groups	EU vs HEBP	−1.614	0.106	No
	Within groups	EU vs EA	−2.612	0.009*	Yes
		HEBP vs EA	−0.829	0.407	No
1.3	Between groups	EU vs HEBP	0.300	0.764	No
	Within groups	EU vs EA	0.212	0.832	No
		HEBP vs EA	0.444	0.657	No
2.1	Between groups	EU vs HEBP	3.256	0.001*	Yes
	Within groups	EU vs EA	4.276	0.000*	yes
		HEBP vs EA	0.822	0.411	No
2.2	Between groups	EU vs HEBP	3.041	0.002*	Yes
	Within groups	EU vs EA	3.301	0.001*	yes
		HEBP vs EA	0.172	0.863	No
2.3	Between groups	EU vs HEBP	3.090	0.002*	Yes
	Within groups	EU vs EA	4.647	0.000*	yes
		HEBP vs EA	1.283	0.199	No

Note(s):

*p < 0.05 = statistically significant difference

Source(s): Authors’ own work