Table 3 Accessibility and utilization of...

Table 3

Accessibility and utilization of digital technology

Frequency	Universities								Total = 611		c²
	Pr2 = 234		Pb2 = 53		Pb1 = 44		Pr1 = 280		Total = 611
	F	%	F	%	F	%	F	%	F	%
1. Do you have a personal computer (PC) of your own?
Yes	160	69.3	39	75.0	22	50.0	170	62.3	391	65.2	9.324*
No	71	30.7	13	25.0	22	50.0	103	37.7	209	34.8	9.324*
2. Do you have access to adequate electricity to use the computer?
Yes	170	74.9	41	80.4	32	72.7	185	68.0	428	72.1	4.973
No	57	25.1	10	19.6	12	27.3	87	32.0	166	27.9	4.973
3. Does the electricity interrupt frequently?
Yes	120	54.1	29	58.0	16	39.0	153	56.5	318	54.5	4.635
No	102	45.9	21	42.0	25	61.0	118	43.5	266	45.5	4.635
4. Do you have a smart cellphone to exchange text messages with your tutors and classmates?
Yes	194	84.7	41	82.0	31	70.5	199	72.9	465	78.0	12.342
No	35	15.3	9	18.0	13	29.5	74	27.1	131	22.0	12.342
5. Do you have access to Internet connection to use mobile phones when you need to?
Yes	168	73.0	42	80.8	25	56.8	200	73.0	435	72.5	6.947
No	62	27.0	10	19.2	19	43.2	74	27.0	165	27.5	6.947
6. Are you competent enough and have commitment to use digital technology in distance learning?
Yes	197	91.6	43	87.8	31	72.1	218	82.6	489	85.6	14.569**
No	18	8.4	6	12.2	12	27.9	46	17.4	82	14.4	14.569**
7. Do you have interest in communicating often with your tutors and classmates online?
Yes	186	85.7	33	67.3	36	81.8	207	78.7	462	80.6	9.349*
No	31	14.3	16	32.7	8	18.2	56	21.3	111	19.4	9.349*

Frequency	Universities								Total = 611		c²
	Pr2 = 234		Pb2 = 53		Pb1 = 44		Pr1 = 280		Total = 611
	F	%	F	%	F	%	F	%	F	%
1. Do you have a personal computer (PC) of your own?
Yes	160	69.3	39	75.0	22	50.0	170	62.3	391	65.2	9.324*
No	71	30.7	13	25.0	22	50.0	103	37.7	209	34.8	9.324*
2. Do you have access to adequate electricity to use the computer?
Yes	170	74.9	41	80.4	32	72.7	185	68.0	428	72.1	4.973
No	57	25.1	10	19.6	12	27.3	87	32.0	166	27.9	4.973
3. Does the electricity interrupt frequently?
Yes	120	54.1	29	58.0	16	39.0	153	56.5	318	54.5	4.635
No	102	45.9	21	42.0	25	61.0	118	43.5	266	45.5	4.635
4. Do you have a smart cellphone to exchange text messages with your tutors and classmates?
Yes	194	84.7	41	82.0	31	70.5	199	72.9	465	78.0	12.342
No	35	15.3	9	18.0	13	29.5	74	27.1	131	22.0	12.342
5. Do you have access to Internet connection to use mobile phones when you need to?
Yes	168	73.0	42	80.8	25	56.8	200	73.0	435	72.5	6.947
No	62	27.0	10	19.2	19	43.2	74	27.0	165	27.5	6.947
6. Are you competent enough and have commitment to use digital technology in distance learning?
Yes	197	91.6	43	87.8	31	72.1	218	82.6	489	85.6	14.569**
No	18	8.4	6	12.2	12	27.9	46	17.4	82	14.4	14.569**
7. Do you have interest in communicating often with your tutors and classmates online?
Yes	186	85.7	33	67.3	36	81.8	207	78.7	462	80.6	9.349*
No	31	14.3	16	32.7	8	18.2	56	21.3	111	19.4	9.349*

Note(s): (1) **p < 0.05, df = 3; *p < 0.05, df = 3 and p > 0.05, df = 3; (2) Column totals for individual items may be slightly less than the stated university sample sizes due to item non-response; percentages are calculated based on valid responses per item

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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