Table 1

Research propositions

PropositionTheoretical foundationConstruct relationshipExpected effect
P1TOE (Technological Context)Legacy IT systems → DT maturityNegative
P2TOE (Technological Context)IT integration capability → DT maturityPositive
P3TOE (Organizational Context)Top-management support → DT successPositive
P4TOE (Organizational Context)Digital governance structures → Transformation maturityPositive
P5TOE (Environmental Context)Regulatory clarity → Transformation progressPositive
P6TOE (Environmental Context)Competitive pressure (fintech/BigTech) → Transformation investmentPositive
P7TOE–V (Value Dimension)Personalization capability → DT maturityPositive
P8Institutional Theory (Normative/Mimetic Pressures)Social influence → DT adoptionPositive

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