Table 4. Panel unit root results... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4.

Panel unit root results

Variables	Levin–Lin–Chu unit root test (LLC)		Im–Pesaran–Shin unit root test (IPS)		Stationarity
Variables	I(0)	I(1)	I(0)	I(1)	Stationarity	Integration order	Stationarity confirmed
OE	−3.315***	−6.002***	−2.011**	−7.215***	Stationary	I(0)	Yes
CC	−2.874**	−5.120***	−2.223**	−6.890***
TC	−4.425***	−7.543***	−2.654***	−8.011***
GW	−3.980***	−5.410***	−1.876**	−5.912***
PRE	−2.711**	−4.230***	−1.523**	−4.887***
QV2M	−3.456***	−6.115***	−1.998**	−6.321***
RH2M	−2.889**	−5.002***	−1.334**	−5.800***
T2MWET	−3.112***	−5.789***	−1.645**	−5.977***
WS2M	−2.945**	−4.998***	−1.210**	−4.665***
Lev	−3.501***	−5.321***	−1.908**	−6.111***
Size	−4.010***	−7.001***	−2.211***	−7.555***
G	−2.768**	−5.221***	−1.422**	−5.900***

Variables	Levin–Lin–Chu unit root test (LLC)		Im–Pesaran–Shin unit root test (IPS)		Stationarity
Variables	I(0)	I(1)	I(0)	I(1)	Stationarity	Integration order	Stationarity confirmed
OE	−3.315***	−6.002***	−2.011**	−7.215***	Stationary	I(0)	Yes
CC	−2.874**	−5.120***	−2.223**	−6.890***
TC	−4.425***	−7.543***	−2.654***	−8.011***
GW	−3.980***	−5.410***	−1.876**	−5.912***
PRE	−2.711**	−4.230***	−1.523**	−4.887***
QV2M	−3.456***	−6.115***	−1.998**	−6.321***
RH2M	−2.889**	−5.002***	−1.334**	−5.800***
T2MWET	−3.112***	−5.789***	−1.645**	−5.977***
WS2M	−2.945**	−4.998***	−1.210**	−4.665***
Lev	−3.501***	−5.321***	−1.908**	−6.111***
Size	−4.010***	−7.001***	−2.211***	−7.555***
G	−2.768**	−5.221***	−1.422**	−5.900***

Note(s):

**p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01