Table 7 Categorized influence strength...

Table 7

Categorized influence strength (Aggregate model)

Enabler	$r_{i}$ (Grey resp. coeff.)	$c_{i}$ (Grey inf. coeff.)	$r_{i} - c_{i}$	$t_{i}$ (Aggregate)	Influence strength	Group
AI and ML for automation and prediction	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
IoT and IIoT real-time monitoring	0.046	0.048	−0.002	0.094	Low	Effect (Receiver)
Blockchain for secure data sharing	0.049	0.048	+0.001	0.097	Very High	Cause (Driver)
Cloud computing for sustainability	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
5G and advanced connectivity	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Reverse logistics for strategies	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Digital twins	0.046	0.048	−0.002	0.093	Very Low	Effect (Receiver)
Big data analytics	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Adoption of ISO 14000/14001 Standards	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Use of green vehicles to cut emissions	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Pollution control in logistics operations	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Optimizing logistics for cost and efficiency	0.049	0.048	+0.001	0.097	Very High	Cause (Driver)
Green port operations to cut impact and costs	0.049	0.048	+0.001	0.097	Very High	Cause (Driver)
Green procurement for sustainable sourcing	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Circular economy practices	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Proper waste disposal to reduce pollution	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Adoption of eco-friendly materials	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Managing resource scarcity through sustainability	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Responding to consumer pressure for green products	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR)	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Stakeholder collaborations	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)

Enabler	$r_{i}$ (Grey resp. coeff.)	$c_{i}$ (Grey inf. coeff.)	$r_{i} - c_{i}$	$t_{i}$ (Aggregate)	Influence strength	Group
AI and ML for automation and prediction	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
IoT and IIoT real-time monitoring	0.046	0.048	−0.002	0.094	Low	Effect (Receiver)
Blockchain for secure data sharing	0.049	0.048	+0.001	0.097	Very High	Cause (Driver)
Cloud computing for sustainability	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
5G and advanced connectivity	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Reverse logistics for strategies	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Digital twins	0.046	0.048	−0.002	0.093	Very Low	Effect (Receiver)
Big data analytics	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Adoption of ISO 14000/14001 Standards	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Use of green vehicles to cut emissions	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Pollution control in logistics operations	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Optimizing logistics for cost and efficiency	0.049	0.048	+0.001	0.097	Very High	Cause (Driver)
Green port operations to cut impact and costs	0.049	0.048	+0.001	0.097	Very High	Cause (Driver)
Green procurement for sustainable sourcing	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Circular economy practices	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Proper waste disposal to reduce pollution	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Adoption of eco-friendly materials	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Managing resource scarcity through sustainability	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Responding to consumer pressure for green products	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)
Commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR)	0.047	0.048	−0.001	0.095	Medium	Effect (Receiver)
Stakeholder collaborations	0.048	0.048	0.000	0.096	High	Cause (Driver)

Source(s): Author’s own compilation, based on GINA analysis output (Aggregate model)

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