Estimated effects of digital financial literacy on digital financial practices
| Model | Effect estimate | Robust SE | 95% CI (L–U) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline OLS | 0.857 | 0.056 | 0.747–0.968 | ***p < 0.001 |
| PSM ATT (exact matching) | 1.305 | 0.182 | 0.948–1.662 | ***p < 0.001 |
| Overlap weighting (ATO) | 1.412 | 0.123 | 1.171–1.653 | ***p < 0.001 |
| Model | Effect estimate | Robust SE | 95% CI (L–U) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline OLS | 0.857 | 0.056 | 0.747–0.968 | *** |
| PSM ATT (exact matching) | 1.305 | 0.182 | 0.948–1.662 | *** |
| Overlap weighting (ATO) | 1.412 | 0.123 | 1.171–1.653 | *** |
Note(s): OLSs = Ordinary least squares; PSM = Propensity score matching (average treatment effect on the treated, ATT); ATO = Average treatment effect for the overlap population. Robust standard errors were used to control for heteroscedasticity
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