Table 1 Actor engagement role typologies...

Table 1

Actor engagement role typologies in literature

Study characteristics	Specification in the study
Wajid et al. (2023)
Main focus and identified roles	Actor roles Find out how various roles in the entrepreneurial ecosystem emerge as resources through actor engagement Identified roles: Four overarching (manager, leader, change-maker, business developer) and eleven individual roles (mediator, supervisor, critical thinker, knowledge seeker, motivator, guide, emancipator, negotiator, communicator, entrepreneur and record keeper)
Role characteristics	Actor roles emerge as role expectations from the provider and beneficiary positions through actor role readiness, manifested as engagement properties in the actor engagement process
Context	Entrepreneurial ecosystems → Ecosystem
Method and underpinning theory	Method: Qualitative Theory: S-D logic Concept: Emergence Concept: Actor engagement
Link to engagement	Roles emerge through engagement
Relation to this research (similarities and differences)	Similarities Differentiation in overarching and individual roles Qualitative approach Differences Context (ecosystem vs. collaborations) In this paper, roles are based on actors' role-related expectations, whereas in our study, they are based on the perceived engagement practices
Flaig and Ottosson (2022)
Main focus and identified roles	Market-shaping roles Examine how differences in market actors' market-shaping engagement translate back into specific roles Identified roles: Six marketing-shaping roles were identified: market driver, market supporter, market missionary, market rival, market catalyser and market detractor
Role characteristics	Engagement disposition, engagement behaviour and connectedness
Context	Swedish market for liquefied gas → Market
Method and underpinning theory	Method: Qualitative Theory: Role theory Concept: Market Vision Concept: Market-shaping engagement
Link to engagement	Roles are based on the market shaping actor's engagement
Relation to this research (similarities and differences)	Similarities Qualitative approach Engagement disposition and engagement behaviour are role characteristics Consideration of roles with negative impact Differences In this paper, connectedness is considered as a characteristic of roles, whereas our paper conceptualises connectedness as emerging from the varying manifestations of engagement disposition and activity of engaging Context (markets vs. collaborations) Collective actors vs. individual actors
Stadtelmann et al. (2019)
Main focus and identified roles	Actor engagement roles They aim to identify roles in actor engagement in the context of engagement platforms Identified roles: Information-practices, advising-practices and empathy-practices
Role characteristics	Engagement practices
Context	Online health communities > Platform
Method and underpinning theory	Method: Qualitative Theory: S-D logic Concept: Co-creation
Link to engagement	Roles are based on the actor's engagement
Relation to this research (similarities and differences)	Similarities Qualitative approach Differences Context (health community platform vs. collaboration) In this paper, roles are characterised by observable engagement practices, whereas in our study, roles are based on engagement disposition and the enactment of engagement

Study characteristics	Specification in the study
Wajid et al. (2023)
Main focus and identified roles	Actor roles Find out how various roles in the entrepreneurial ecosystem emerge as resources through actor engagement Identified roles: Four overarching (manager, leader, change-maker, business developer) and eleven individual roles (mediator, supervisor, critical thinker, knowledge seeker, motivator, guide, emancipator, negotiator, communicator, entrepreneur and record keeper)
Role characteristics	Actor roles emerge as role expectations from the provider and beneficiary positions through actor role readiness, manifested as engagement properties in the actor engagement process
Context	Entrepreneurial ecosystems → Ecosystem
Method and underpinning theory	Method: Qualitative Theory: S-D logic Concept: Emergence Concept: Actor engagement
Link to engagement	Roles emerge through engagement
Relation to this research (similarities and differences)	Similarities Differentiation in overarching and individual roles Qualitative approach Differences Context (ecosystem vs. collaborations) In this paper, roles are based on actors' role-related expectations, whereas in our study, they are based on the perceived engagement practices
Flaig and Ottosson (2022)
Main focus andidentified roles	Market-shaping roles Examine how differences in market actors' market-shaping engagement translate back into specific roles Identified roles: Six marketing-shaping roles were identified: market driver, market supporter, market missionary, market rival, market catalyser and market detractor
Role characteristics	Engagement disposition, engagement behaviour and connectedness
Context	Swedish market for liquefied gas → Market
Method and underpinning theory	Method: Qualitative Theory: Role theory Concept: Market Vision Concept: Market-shaping engagement
Link to engagement	Roles are based on the market shaping actor's engagement
Relation to this research (similarities and differences)	Similarities Qualitative approach Engagement disposition and engagement behaviour are role characteristics Consideration of roles with negative impact Differences In this paper, connectedness is considered as a characteristic of roles, whereas our paper conceptualises connectedness as emerging from the varying manifestations of engagement disposition and activity of engaging Context (markets vs. collaborations) Collective actors vs. individual actors
Stadtelmann et al. (2019)
Main focus and identified roles	Actor engagement roles They aim to identify roles in actor engagement in the context of engagement platforms Identified roles: Information-practices, advising-practices and empathy-practices
Role characteristics	Engagement practices
Context	Online health communities > Platform
Method and underpinning theory	Method: Qualitative Theory: S-D logic Concept: Co-creation
Link to engagement	Roles are based on the actor's engagement
Relation to this research (similarities and differences)	Similarities Qualitative approach Differences Context (health community platform vs. collaboration) In this paper, roles are characterised by observable engagement practices, whereas in our study, roles are based on engagement disposition and the enactment of engagement

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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