Community consensus ranking of practical/engineering flood management practices (1 = least frequent/effective; 5 = most frequent/effective; scores represent FGD group consensus)
| Practices | Yoruba (Ibiade, Sokori, Isheri) | Nupe (Pategi, Lafiagi, Fangan) | Igbo (Amaechi-Idodo, Okpanku, Ogwuagor) | Score(1–5)/Communities | Reasoning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drainage/Gutter Cleaning | Widespread bell mobilisation | Less frequent, limited by infrastructure | Ogwuagor: high (peri-urban drains cleared, tenants sensitised); Okpanku/Amechi: less relevant in rural uplands | 5 (Yorùbá, Ogwuagor); 2 (Nupe, other Igbo) | Most effective in Yorùbá towns and Ogwuagor; less central in rural areas |
| Sandbag/earth barriers | Used at doorways, moderately effective | Strong communal practice; sacks filled by all | Ogwuagor: sandbags around sewage channels; Okpanku/Amechi: minor use, more reliance on relocation | 4 (Yorùbá, Nupe, Ogwuagor) 2 (other Igbo) | Nupe and Ogwuagor emphasize collective sandbagging; Okpanku/Amechi less |
| Wooden planks/bridges | Common, vital for mobility | Some use boats more common | Ogwuagor: blocks laid as stepping stones; Okpanku: bamboo planting as barriers | 4 (Yorùbá) 3 (Nupe, Ogwuagor, Okpanku) | Structural improvisations vary: Yorùbá planks, Ogwuagor blocks, Okpanku bamboo |
| Raising belongings | Goods lifted to rafters/shelves | Stick platforms for crops; pests a problem | Amechi/Okpanku: belongings relocated to relatives; Ogwuagor: elevation indoors and temporary moves | 3(all nine communities) | A universal but partial strategy |
| Boats/canoes | Shared within kin networks | Essential household asset; widespread | Amechi/Okpanku: some canoe use (borrow/rent); Ogwuagor: not common | 4 (Nupe) 3 (Yorùbá, Amechi/Okpanku) 1 (Ogwuagor) | Nupe is the most reliable, Ogwuagor least |
| Planting bamboo/vegetation | Not reported | Rare | Okpanku: bamboo planted to reduce erosion; Ogwuagor/Amechi: not mentioned | 3 (Okpanku) | Unique to Okpanku |
| Embankments/channelization (requested) | Frequently requested, not implemented | Mentioned in the three communities | Requested but aspirational | 2 (nine communities) | Seen as ideal but beyond capacity |
| Requests: boreholes, signage, life jackets | Mentioned in Isheri | Mentioned (need clean water, clinics) | Ogwuagor: demand for drainage rehabilitation; Igbo generally request boreholes, health centres | 1(nine communities) | Aspirational across sites |
| Practices | Yoruba (Ibiade, Sokori, Isheri) | Nupe (Pategi, Lafiagi, Fangan) | Igbo (Amaechi-Idodo, Okpanku, Ogwuagor) | Score(1–5)/Communities | Reasoning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drainage/Gutter Cleaning | Widespread bell mobilisation | Less frequent, limited by infrastructure | Ogwuagor: high (peri-urban drains cleared, tenants sensitised); Okpanku/Amechi: less relevant in rural uplands | 5 (Yorùbá, Ogwuagor); 2 (Nupe, other Igbo) | Most effective in Yorùbá towns and Ogwuagor; less central in rural areas |
| Sandbag/earth barriers | Used at doorways, moderately effective | Strong communal practice; sacks filled by all | Ogwuagor: sandbags around sewage channels; Okpanku/Amechi: minor use, more reliance on relocation | 4 (Yorùbá, Nupe, Ogwuagor) | Nupe and Ogwuagor emphasize collective sandbagging; Okpanku/Amechi less |
| Wooden planks/bridges | Common, vital for mobility | Some use boats more common | Ogwuagor: blocks laid as stepping stones; Okpanku: bamboo planting as barriers | 4 (Yorùbá) | Structural improvisations vary: Yorùbá planks, Ogwuagor blocks, Okpanku bamboo |
| Raising belongings | Goods lifted to rafters/shelves | Stick platforms for crops; pests a problem | Amechi/Okpanku: belongings relocated to relatives; Ogwuagor: elevation indoors and temporary moves | 3(all nine communities) | A universal but partial strategy |
| Boats/canoes | Shared within kin networks | Essential household asset; widespread | Amechi/Okpanku: some canoe use (borrow/rent); Ogwuagor: not common | 4 (Nupe) | Nupe is the most reliable, Ogwuagor least |
| Planting bamboo/vegetation | Not reported | Rare | Okpanku: bamboo planted to reduce erosion; Ogwuagor/Amechi: not mentioned | 3 (Okpanku) | Unique to Okpanku |
| Embankments/channelization (requested) | Frequently requested, not implemented | Mentioned in the three communities | Requested but aspirational | 2 (nine communities) | Seen as ideal but beyond capacity |
| Requests: boreholes, signage, life jackets | Mentioned in Isheri | Mentioned (need clean water, clinics) | Ogwuagor: demand for drainage rehabilitation; Igbo generally request boreholes, health centres | 1(nine communities) | Aspirational across sites |
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