Supply chain challenges based on literature review
| Supply chain processes | Challenges | References |
|---|---|---|
| Raw material sourcing | Material quality | [28], [29], [30] |
| Material supply | ||
| Material importing issues | ||
| Design and planning | Lack of design standards & codes | [14, 17, 24, 31–35] |
| Poor design flexibility | ||
| Complications on seismic performance | ||
| Complications on fire-resistant performance | ||
| Lack of experienced designer | ||
| The limited size of elements | ||
| Longer duration (design phase) | ||
| Lack of innovation | ||
| Resistance to change | ||
| Construction consent | ||
| Manufacturing | Lack of manufacturing capacity | [14, 24, 36–40] |
| Lack of skilled labourers | ||
| Higher manufacturing cost | ||
| Incompetence of manufacturers | ||
| Defects | ||
| Loss of productivity | ||
| Quality control | ||
| Increased risk due to uncertainties | ||
| Escalated in the deficiency of labour training | ||
| Transportation | Poor road condition | [14, 32, 38, 41–46] |
| Higher transportation cost | ||
| Lack of suitable vehicle | ||
| Potential damage | ||
| Delay due to logistic issues | ||
| Incompetence of suppliers | ||
| Traffic conditions | ||
| Products size | ||
| Cost of labour | ||
| Assembling | Lack of technician on-site | [25, 32, 33, 36, 38, 47] |
| Complexity of connection | ||
| Assembly limitations | ||
| Floor area conditions | ||
| Production size | ||
| Cost of labour | ||
| Limited site space |
| Supply chain processes | Challenges | References |
|---|---|---|
| Raw material sourcing | Material quality | [28], [29], [30] |
| Material supply | ||
| Material importing issues | ||
| Design and planning | Lack of design standards & codes | [14, 17, 24, 31–35] |
| Poor design flexibility | ||
| Complications on seismic performance | ||
| Complications on fire-resistant performance | ||
| Lack of experienced designer | ||
| The limited size of elements | ||
| Longer duration (design phase) | ||
| Lack of innovation | ||
| Resistance to change | ||
| Construction consent | ||
| Manufacturing | Lack of manufacturing capacity | [14, 24, 36–40] |
| Lack of skilled labourers | ||
| Higher manufacturing cost | ||
| Incompetence of manufacturers | ||
| Defects | ||
| Loss of productivity | ||
| Quality control | ||
| Increased risk due to uncertainties | ||
| Escalated in the deficiency of labour training | ||
| Transportation | Poor road condition | [14, 32, 38, 41–46] |
| Higher transportation cost | ||
| Lack of suitable vehicle | ||
| Potential damage | ||
| Delay due to logistic issues | ||
| Incompetence of suppliers | ||
| Traffic conditions | ||
| Products size | ||
| Cost of labour | ||
| Assembling | Lack of technician on-site | [25, 32, 33, 36, 38, 47] |
| Complexity of connection | ||
| Assembly limitations | ||
| Floor area conditions | ||
| Production size | ||
| Cost of labour | ||
| Limited site space |
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