Table 1

Frigatebird configuration data measured in previous studies and this paper

Data sourcesSpan(m)Aspect ratioMass(kg)Wing loading (N/m2)Wing area(m2)Gliding speed (m/s)
Koehl et al. (2011)––1.545–10
Brewer and Hertel (2007)–11.31.543––
Smith (1984)2.0212.61.62490.3247.4
Pennycuick (1983)2.2912.81.5236.50.408–
Chatterjee and Templin (2007)2.8625.241.545.420.32410
Pennycuick (2008)2.1412.31.67–0.372–
Rogalla (2021)2.29–1.4735.30.4088.2
This paper2.1911.41.5350.42–

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