Table I

Sample characteristics

GroupNameEthnicityaLanguagebImmigration statusAgeChildrenCohabitation/marital circumstanceEmployment
1FaizaPakistaniUrduPost-school (circa 16 years) immigrant from Pakistan18–24Twins (<5)Lives with husband and childrenUnemployed; husband employed
1AbidaPakistaniUrdu and EnglishBorn in UK30–361 child (<5)Husband and childUnemployed; husband employed
1BasmaPakistaniUrduPost-school immigrant from Pakistan18–242 children (<5)Lives with 13 family membersUnemployed; husband and other household members employed
1GhadaPakistaniUrduPost-school immigrant from Pakistan30–361 child (<5)Husband and childUnemployed; husband employed in a bank
1HanaPakistaniUrdu and EnglishBorn in UK18–241 child (<5)Husband and childUnemployed; husband employed
1MaisaPakistaniUrdu and EnglishBorn in UK30–363 childrenHusband and childrenEmployed as a teacher; husband employed
1UzmaPakistaniUrdu and EnglishBorn in UK24–302 children (<5)Husband and childrenEmployed; (husband’s employment not disclosed)
2BeckyWhite BritishEnglishBorn in UK18–242 children (<5)Partner and childrenUnemployed; partner employed in catering
2DanielleWhite BritishEnglishBorn in UK18–241 child (<5)Children only (split from partner)Unemployed
2JadeWhite BritishEnglishBorn in UK30–368 children (11–12 weeks)Partner and childrenUnemployed; partner unemployed
2GailWhite BritishEnglishBorn in UK42–481 adult childSingleEmployed as community centre manager
3SabiraPakistani/ BritishEnglishBorn in UK18–243 children (<5)Children only (divorced)Unemployed
4FionaWhite BritishEnglishBorn in UK30–362 children (<5)Husband and childrenEmployed in the NHS; husband employed
4EmilyWhite BritishEnglishBorn in UK18–242 children (<5)Partner and childrenUnemployed; partner employed
4GemmaWhite BritishEnglishBorn in UK18–242 children (<5)Husband and childrenUnemployed; partner employed in catering
4KateWhite BritishEnglishBorn in UK30–361 child (<5)Husband and childEmployed in community centre; (husband’s employment not disclosed)

Notes:aEthnicity was self-defined by the participant at the start of the focus group; blanguage represents the language used by the participant during the focus group. In focus group 1, some participants used two languages, Urdu and English, to simultaneously converse with the moderator and other participants

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