Sample characteristics
| Group | Name | Ethnicitya | Languageb | Immigration status | Age | Children | Cohabitation/marital circumstance | Employment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Faiza | Pakistani | Urdu | Post-school (circa 16 years) immigrant from Pakistan | 18–24 | Twins (<5) | Lives with husband and children | Unemployed; husband employed |
| 1 | Abida | Pakistani | Urdu and English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 1 child (<5) | Husband and child | Unemployed; husband employed |
| 1 | Basma | Pakistani | Urdu | Post-school immigrant from Pakistan | 18–24 | 2 children (<5) | Lives with 13 family members | Unemployed; husband and other household members employed |
| 1 | Ghada | Pakistani | Urdu | Post-school immigrant from Pakistan | 30–36 | 1 child (<5) | Husband and child | Unemployed; husband employed in a bank |
| 1 | Hana | Pakistani | Urdu and English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 1 child (<5) | Husband and child | Unemployed; husband employed |
| 1 | Maisa | Pakistani | Urdu and English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 3 children | Husband and children | Employed as a teacher; husband employed |
| 1 | Uzma | Pakistani | Urdu and English | Born in UK | 24–30 | 2 children (<5) | Husband and children | Employed; (husband’s employment not disclosed) |
| 2 | Becky | White British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 2 children (<5) | Partner and children | Unemployed; partner employed in catering |
| 2 | Danielle | White British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 1 child (<5) | Children only (split from partner) | Unemployed |
| 2 | Jade | White British | English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 8 children (11–12 weeks) | Partner and children | Unemployed; partner unemployed |
| 2 | Gail | White British | English | Born in UK | 42–48 | 1 adult child | Single | Employed as community centre manager |
| 3 | Sabira | Pakistani/ British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 3 children (<5) | Children only (divorced) | Unemployed |
| 4 | Fiona | White British | English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 2 children (<5) | Husband and children | Employed in the NHS; husband employed |
| 4 | Emily | White British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 2 children (<5) | Partner and children | Unemployed; partner employed |
| 4 | Gemma | White British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 2 children (<5) | Husband and children | Unemployed; partner employed in catering |
| 4 | Kate | White British | English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 1 child (<5) | Husband and child | Employed in community centre; (husband’s employment not disclosed) |
| Group | Name | Ethnicitya | Languageb | Immigration status | Age | Children | Cohabitation/marital circumstance | Employment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Faiza | Pakistani | Urdu | Post-school (circa 16 years) immigrant from Pakistan | 18–24 | Twins (<5) | Lives with husband and children | Unemployed; husband employed |
| 1 | Abida | Pakistani | Urdu and English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 1 child (<5) | Husband and child | Unemployed; husband employed |
| 1 | Basma | Pakistani | Urdu | Post-school immigrant from Pakistan | 18–24 | 2 children (<5) | Lives with 13 family members | Unemployed; husband and other household members employed |
| 1 | Ghada | Pakistani | Urdu | Post-school immigrant from Pakistan | 30–36 | 1 child (<5) | Husband and child | Unemployed; husband employed in a bank |
| 1 | Hana | Pakistani | Urdu and English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 1 child (<5) | Husband and child | Unemployed; husband employed |
| 1 | Maisa | Pakistani | Urdu and English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 3 children | Husband and children | Employed as a teacher; husband employed |
| 1 | Uzma | Pakistani | Urdu and English | Born in UK | 24–30 | 2 children (<5) | Husband and children | Employed; (husband’s employment not disclosed) |
| 2 | Becky | White British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 2 children (<5) | Partner and children | Unemployed; partner employed in catering |
| 2 | Danielle | White British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 1 child (<5) | Children only (split from partner) | Unemployed |
| 2 | Jade | White British | English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 8 children (11–12 weeks) | Partner and children | Unemployed; partner unemployed |
| 2 | Gail | White British | English | Born in UK | 42–48 | 1 adult child | Single | Employed as community centre manager |
| 3 | Sabira | Pakistani/ British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 3 children (<5) | Children only (divorced) | Unemployed |
| 4 | Fiona | White British | English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 2 children (<5) | Husband and children | Employed in the NHS; husband employed |
| 4 | Emily | White British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 2 children (<5) | Partner and children | Unemployed; partner employed |
| 4 | Gemma | White British | English | Born in UK | 18–24 | 2 children (<5) | Husband and children | Unemployed; partner employed in catering |
| 4 | Kate | White British | English | Born in UK | 30–36 | 1 child (<5) | Husband and child | Employed in community centre; (husband’s employment not disclosed) |
Notes: aEthnicity was self-defined by the participant at the start of the focus group; blanguage represents the language used by the participant during the focus group. In focus group 1, some participants used two languages, Urdu and English, to simultaneously converse with the moderator and other participants
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