Table 1 Features and applicability of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Features and applicability of project management approaches

Approaches	Design prospect	Management style	Task development	Project span	Conformity	Monitor and supervising	Shortcomings
Traditional	Extended-term design; whole project life phase Requires least customer inputs	Mechanically, formally, and bureaucratically driven; Strong authority, specialised	Complex development for the whole project life cycle	Comprehensive description of design; vigorous reporting of goals and anticipated outcomes	Variations are recognized and actions modified to retain design	Performance indicators, schedules, official certification and evaluation	Costly and difficult modifications; No scope for error; Deadlines; Difficult to predict and avoid problems
Agile	Short-term design with emphasis on iteration goals	Adaptable, variable, and flexible; Inter-disciplinary groups, independently managed	Lean planning for iteration sequences; Continuous re-assessment and modifications	Objectives of what needs to be built. All-inclusive, symbolic and vague depiction of goals/ anticipated results	Variations are identified and design is adapted for every interaction	Real/simulated objects and tools; Quick and regular group meetings	Little emphasis on documentation; challenging to bring new team members; progress is difficult to measure over the several cycles
Hybrid	Extended-term design centered on the entire project life and short-term design aimed at iterations	Flexible and formal; Inter-disciplinary groups with average hierarchy	Complex preliminary development with continual re-assessment and modifications	Extended-term with clear outcomes for entire task; short-term for reiterations, based on symbolic and conceptual descriptions of each reiteration goal	Adjustments are recognized and brief-term design is modified for each interface, preventing changes in extended-term design	Integrates conventional control and supervision systems	Freedom to select tasks; challenging to trace individual progress and impact

Approaches	Design prospect	Management style	Task development	Project span	Conformity	Monitor and supervising	Shortcomings
Traditional	Extended-term design; whole project life phaseRequires least customer inputs	Mechanically, formally, and bureaucratically driven; Strong authority, specialised	Complex development for the whole project life cycle	Comprehensive description of design; vigorous reporting of goals and anticipated outcomes	Variations are recognized and actions modified to retain design	Performance indicators, schedules, official certification and evaluation	Costly and difficult modifications; No scope for error; Deadlines; Difficult to predict and avoid problems
Agile	Short-term design with emphasis on iteration goals	Adaptable, variable, and flexible; Inter-disciplinary groups, independently managed	Lean planning for iteration sequences; Continuous re-assessment and modifications	Objectives of what needs to be built. All-inclusive, symbolic and vague depiction of goals/ anticipated results	Variations are identified and design is adapted for every interaction	Real/simulated objects and tools; Quick and regular group meetings	Little emphasis on documentation; challenging to bring new team members; progress is difficult to measure over the several cycles
Hybrid	Extended-term design centered on the entire project life and short-term design aimed at iterations	Flexible and formal; Inter-disciplinary groups with average hierarchy	Complex preliminary development with continual re-assessment and modifications	Extended-term with clear outcomes for entire task; short-term for reiterations, based on symbolic and conceptual descriptions of each reiteration goal	Adjustments are recognized and brief-term design is modified for each interface, preventing changes in extended-term design	Integrates conventional control and supervision systems	Freedom to select tasks; challenging to trace individual progress and impact