Table A1

Items for BPM-supportive culture

Lower order construct (LOC)/Scale item (indicator)Factor loading*
BeforeAfter
Customer Orientation (CO)
1Our organization incorporates customer expectations into its business processes0.695NA
2Our organization uses customer complaints as an opportunity to reflect on the redesign of business processes0.737NA
3Employees of our organization focus on the requirements of colleagues who receive their work0.7820.862
4Employees of our organization have a good understanding of who their internal customers are0.6410.762
5Managers of our organization encourage employees to meet the needs of colleagues who receive their work0.7900.836
Excellence (EXC)
6Our organization regularly evaluates its business processes for improvement opportunities0.793NA
7Our organization regularly uses performance indicators to find ways to improve business processes0.8440.827
8Our organization welcomes concepts for fundamental innovations that increase the performance of business processes0.8650.913
9Our organization encourages thinking outside the box’ to create innovative solutions in business processes0.7910.836
Responsibility (RES)
10Responsibilities for business processes are clearly defined among members of our mng. board0.7820.857
11Process owners of our organization are accountable for the performance of business processes0.8020.855
12It motivates employees of our organization that their actions contribute to the achievement of business process objectives0.804NA
13Our organization uses current achievements to encourage employees’ commitment to process objectives0.8600.810
Teamwork (TW)
14The overall goals of a business process in our organization are binding on all departments involved in that particular business process0.7900.846
15Our organization does well in coordinating the tasks of the departments that are involved in one business process0.8730.900
16Employees of our organization enjoy working with their process colleagues from other departments0.714NA
17Employees of our organization not only identify with their department but also with their process team0.7890.767

Note(s): * Gives factor loadings for each item “before” and “after” refinement. Items without a value in column “After” represent the indicators that were removed during the refinement process

(adopted from (Schmiedel et al., 2014))

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