Items for IPO
| Lower order construct (LOC)/Scale item (indicator) | Factor loadings* | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | ||
| Process Knowledge (PK) | |||
| 1 | In my area of operation, I know for which products my activities make a contribution | 0.692 | |
| 2 | I know the broad activities that are necessary to complete these products for external customers | 0.765 | 0.688 |
| 3 | I know the employees with whom I am working on the compilation of products for external customers | 0.743 | 0.783 |
| 4 | I know the goals of the employees with whom I work together including those outside of my operation | 0.729 | 0.803 |
| Process awareness (PA) | |||
| 5 | There are indicators for my activities, which are geared to the satisfaction of external customers | 0.707 | 0.728 |
| 6 | I know the benefit of my activities to external customers | 0.644 | 0.750 |
| 7 | The reduction of cycle time (not processing time) of customer orders together with the colleagues involved is an important goal of my daily work | 0.585 | |
| 8 | I Collect similar orders for my activities to work them off as a block | 0.618 | 0.681 |
| 9 | There are rules concerning the response time for internal requests | 0.587 | |
| 10 | In my area of operation, I know how satisfied external customers are with the products in which I am involved in the production | 0.546 | |
| Cross-functional Coordination (CC) | |||
| 11 | For the processing of my products I continuously coordinate myself with all relevant parties involved including those outside my area of operation | 0.571 | |
| 12 | In my area of operation, we mostly execute tasks for one product line | 0.146 | |
| 13 | In my area of operation there are regular meetings to discuss the avoidance of most frequent problems | 0.809 | 0.849 |
| 14 | In my area of operation procedures for the avoidance of mistakes occurring are identified with the relevant parties involved | 0.764 | 0.821 |
| 15 | There is a continuous coordination with all the parties involved (also outside my area of operation) of the products on which I work to avoid backlogs | 0.742 | 0.771 |
| Continuous reflection (CR) | |||
| 16 | In my area of operation, I continuously reflect on how existing activities can be improved | 0.749 | 0.855 |
| 17 | In my area of operation, I continuously give thought to the benefit of my activities for external customers | 0.694 | 0.723 |
| 18 | If I notice possibilities for improvement, I will implement them or inform the person in charge | 0.794 | 0.860 |
| 19 | In my area of operation, we use documented customer complaints for the improvement of activity flows | 0.664 | |
| 20 | In my area of operation implemented improvements to the activity flows are continuously checked | 0.711 | |
| Lower order construct (LOC)/Scale item (indicator) | Factor loadings* | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | ||
| 1 | In my area of operation, I know for which products my activities make a contribution | 0.692 | |
| 2 | I know the broad activities that are necessary to complete these products for external customers | 0.765 | 0.688 |
| 3 | I know the employees with whom I am working on the compilation of products for external customers | 0.743 | 0.783 |
| 4 | I know the goals of the employees with whom I work together including those outside of my operation | 0.729 | 0.803 |
| 5 | There are indicators for my activities, which are geared to the satisfaction of external customers | 0.707 | 0.728 |
| 6 | I know the benefit of my activities to external customers | 0.644 | 0.750 |
| 7 | The reduction of cycle time (not processing time) of customer orders together with the colleagues involved is an important goal of my daily work | 0.585 | |
| 8 | I Collect similar orders for my activities to work them off as a block | 0.618 | 0.681 |
| 9 | There are rules concerning the response time for internal requests | 0.587 | |
| 10 | In my area of operation, I know how satisfied external customers are with the products in which I am involved in the production | 0.546 | |
| 11 | For the processing of my products I continuously coordinate myself with all relevant parties involved including those outside my area of operation | 0.571 | |
| 12 | In my area of operation, we mostly execute tasks for one product line | 0.146 | |
| 13 | In my area of operation there are regular meetings to discuss the avoidance of most frequent problems | 0.809 | 0.849 |
| 14 | In my area of operation procedures for the avoidance of mistakes occurring are identified with the relevant parties involved | 0.764 | 0.821 |
| 15 | There is a continuous coordination with all the parties involved (also outside my area of operation) of the products on which I work to avoid backlogs | 0.742 | 0.771 |
| 16 | In my area of operation, I continuously reflect on how existing activities can be improved | 0.749 | 0.855 |
| 17 | In my area of operation, I continuously give thought to the benefit of my activities for external customers | 0.694 | 0.723 |
| 18 | If I notice possibilities for improvement, I will implement them or inform the person in charge | 0.794 | 0.860 |
| 19 | In my area of operation, we use documented customer complaints for the improvement of activity flows | 0.664 | |
| 20 | In my area of operation implemented improvements to the activity flows are continuously checked | 0.711 | |
* Gives factor loadings for each item “before” and “after” refinement. Items without a value in column “After” represent the indicators that were removed during the refinement process
(adopted from (Leyer et al., 2015))
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