Table 1

Operationalisation of the frame elements (cf. Entman, 1993)

CategoryVariables
Frame element: problem definition
Corporate diplomacy issuePublic health, education and youth, environment, culture, women's empowerment, Emiratisation, Ramadan, safety, employees' well-being, people in need, other
Institutional linkagesGovernmental institutions, national NPOs, international NPOs, national companies, international companies, educational institutions, individuals of the community, other actor(s)
Frame element: causal interpretation
Ascriptions of legitimacyEndorsing, challenging, neutral
Legitimacy typeMoral, pragmatic, regulative
Frame element: moral evaluation
Benefit attributionSociety/community, government/political agenda, company itself, employees, economy of the country, corporate partners, others
Frame element: treatment recommendation
SuggestionSupportive, critical

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