Table 1 Crisis communication behaviour... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Crisis communication behaviour as coping strategies in this study

Coping strategies (Pearlin and Schooler, 1978)		Categorization of coping (Kershaw et al., 2004)	Operationalization in this study
Type	Definition	Categorization of coping (Kershaw et al., 2004)	Operationalization in this study
Problem-oriented	Strategies to resolve the problem or stressor (Friedland et al., 1996) or manage the stressful situation (Ong and Moschis, 2009)	Active adaptive coping	Information-sharing communication behaviour could be reflective of a problem-oriented, active, adaptive strategy. Sharing information on lockdown restrictions aids making sense of information from a variety of sources which specifies the strategies to plan and manage during lockdown restrictions, for example
Emotion-oriented	Strategies to manage the emotional reactions to the problem. Schüssler (1992) notes that emotion-related coping frequently occurs in persons who do not accept their illness or do not consider it to be controllable. Such strategies are intended to manage resultant emotions primarily through cognitive processes (Ong and Moschis, 2009).	Avoidant maladaptive coping	Negative word of mouth could be illustrative of an emotion-oriented, avoidant, maladaptive strategy as this type of coping allows the public to “vent,” and does not assist in adapting to the COVID-19 crisis or lockdown restrictions, or to improve overall well-being
Perception-oriented	Strategies aimed at finding new ways of looking at the problem/stressor (Friedland et al., 1996)	Active adaptive coping	Support-seeking communication could reflect a perception-oriented, active adaptive strategy as a way to get support and look at the lockdown restrictions in a different way in order to cope

Coping strategies (Pearlin and Schooler, 1978)		Categorization of coping (Kershaw et al., 2004)	Operationalization in this study
Type	Definition	Categorization of coping (Kershaw et al., 2004)	Operationalization in this study
Problem-oriented	Strategies to resolve the problem or stressor (Friedland et al., 1996) or manage the stressful situation (Ong and Moschis, 2009)	Active adaptive coping	Information-sharing communication behaviour could be reflective of a problem-oriented, active, adaptive strategy. Sharing information on lockdown restrictions aids making sense of information from a variety of sources which specifies the strategies to plan and manage during lockdown restrictions, for example
Emotion-oriented	Strategies to manage the emotional reactions to the problem. Schüssler (1992) notes that emotion-related coping frequently occurs in persons who do not accept their illness or do not consider it to be controllable. Such strategies are intended to manage resultant emotions primarily through cognitive processes (Ong and Moschis, 2009).	Avoidant maladaptive coping	Negative word of mouth could be illustrative of an emotion-oriented, avoidant, maladaptive strategy as this type of coping allows the public to “vent,” and does not assist in adapting to the COVID-19 crisis or lockdown restrictions, or to improve overall well-being
Perception-oriented	Strategies aimed at finding new ways of looking at the problem/stressor (Friedland et al., 1996)	Active adaptive coping	Support-seeking communication could reflect a perception-oriented, active adaptive strategy as a way to get support and look at the lockdown restrictions in a different way in order to cope