Table 2. Measures to leverage market... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

Measures to leverage market entry advantage mechanisms

Advantage mechanisms	Formal measures	Intermediate actions	Informal measures
Establishing technological leadership	Filing patents	Diplomatic activity to influence regulatory standards	Launching technological firsts
Pre-emption of or securing critical assets to supply foreign markets	Takeovers of rivals and peers abroad or setting up overseas joint ventures with third parties	Cooperation with third parties abroad via licensing or franchising own value propositions	Organic foreign entry modes (export and greenfield investments)
Locking in key customers or pre-empting access to them	Exclusive (long-term) contracts and joint investments with customers	Taking over in-house operations from customers, or providing ongoing services to them	Customization of value propositions and showing responsiveness to customers

Advantage mechanisms	Formal measures	Intermediate actions	Informal measures
Establishing technological leadership	Filing patents	Diplomatic activity to influence regulatory standards	Launching technological firsts
Pre-emption of or securing critical assets to supply foreign markets	Takeovers of rivals and peers abroad or setting up overseas joint ventures with third parties	Cooperation with third parties abroad via licensing or franchising own value propositions	Organic foreign entry modes (export and greenfield investments)
Locking in key customers or pre-empting access to them	Exclusive (long-term) contracts and joint investments with customers	Taking over in-house operations from customers, or providing ongoing services to them	Customization of value propositions and showing responsiveness to customers

Source: Compiled by the authors