Table I

Sources of evidence used in each research phase

Research phaseSource of evidenceDescription
1Semi-structured interviews (18 respondents)Cost estimating (3), planning (1), engineering design (10), fabrication (4)
 Survey (149 respondents out of 319 technical staff)Sales (12/25), cost estimating (13/24), planning (2/6), engineering design (64/143), fabrication (44/91), assembly (14/30)
 Document analysisList of employees, positions and dates of entry in the company (supported the selection of interviewees and survey respondents)
  Overall map of the product development process
  Design process flowchart
  Layout plan for design teams in the office
  Company design drawings and long-term plans
2Unstructured interviewsDesign managers (2) and designers (16)
 Document analysisDesign drawings and design plans
 Participant observation25 weekly short-term design planning meetings
4 integrated planning meetings
13 meetings related to process improvement at EDD
workshop 1(60 participants)
3Unstructured interviewsDesign managers (4) and designers (4)
 Document analysisDesign drawings and design plans
 Participant observation5 weekly short-term design planning meetings
Workshop 2 (40 participants)
4Participant observation4 design planning meeting, involving planning department representatives and design managers
Workshops 3 (40 participants), 4 (50 participants) and 5 (60 participants)
 Planning and control practices protocolApplication of a protocol for assessing the degree of implementation of design planning and control practices (between March and August 2013)

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