Table AI. Measurement scales and items...

Table AI.

Measurement scales and items

Measure	Items	FL_A²	FL_B²	FL_C²	FL³	Scale
Co-op ostracism^{1, 2, 3}	To what extent others at the co-op…					7-point scale
	show no interest for you	0.94	0.80	0.82	0.77	(1 = “not at all”, 7 = “to a large extent”)
	do not respond to you or your messages	0.91	0.80	0.93	0.80	(1 = “not at all”, 7 = “to a large extent”)
	avoid you	0.90	0.83	0.78	0.76
	show little interest in your opinion	0.89	0.86	0.86	0.85
	disregard your interests	0.94	0.88	0.79	0.85
	ignore you	0.89	0.85	0.87	0.84
	your voice is not heard	0.93	0.78	0.90	0.86
	keep information from you	0.79	0.80	0.80	0.75
	do not pay attention to you	0.94	0.84	0.87	0.80
Social undermining² (Duffy et al., 2002)	“Others at the co-op…”					7-point scale
	belittle you or your ideas	0.79	0.92	0.73	–	(1 = “not at all”, 7 = “to a large extent”)
	compete with you for status and recognition	0.88	0.91	0.85	–	(1 = “not at all”, 7 = “to a large extent”)
	criticise the way you handle things in a way that is not helpful	0.80	0.95	0.90	–
	insult you	0.76	0.87	0.81	–
Trust² (Morgan and Hunt, 1994)	“Others at the co-op…”					7-point scale
	can generally be trusted	0.79	0.86	0.75	–	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	can be counted on to do what is right	0.58	0.67	0.51	–	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	have high integrity	0.69	0.78	0.62	–
	can be relied on	0.78	0.76	0.76	–
WOM² (Choi and Choi, 2014)	I usually say positive things about my co-op to other people	0.84	0.91	0.75	–	7-point scale
	I tell other people to consider my co-op for membership	0.78	0.91	0.82	–	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	I recommend my co-op and its products/services to others	0.90	0.96	0.89	–
Withdrawal intentions^{2, 3} (Jensen et al., 2013)	I often think of quitting my membership at the co-op	0.72	0.74	0.80	0.68	7-point scale
	If that were possible, I would look for a better co-op	0.81	0.95	0.91	0.85	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	There isn’t much to be gained by staying in the co-op	0.79	0.92	0.88	0.86
Entitativity³ (Vock et al., 2013)	“At my co-op, we…”					7-point scale
	form an entity	–	–	–	0.86	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	have a bond	–	–	–	0.85	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	are a unity	–	–	–	0.85
Cognitive capital³ (Villenaa et al., 2011)	share similar corporate culture/values	–	–	–	0.69	7-point scale
	share similar philosophies/approaches to business dealings	–	–	–	0.87	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	have compatible goals and objectives	–	–	–	0.85
Customer-company identification³ (Homburg et al., 2009)	I strongly identify with this co-op	–	–	–	0.74	7-point scale
	I feel good to be a member-customer of this co-op	–	–	–	0.79	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	I like to tell that I am a member-customer of this co-op	–	–	–	0.77
	This co-op fits well to me	–	–	–	0.78

Measure	Items	FL_A²	FL_B²	FL_C²	FL³	Scale
Co-op ostracism^{1, 2, 3}	To what extent others at the co-op…					7-point scale
	show no interest for you	0.94	0.80	0.82	0.77	(1 = “not at all”, 7 = “to a large extent”)
	do not respond to you or your messages	0.91	0.80	0.93	0.80	(1 = “not at all”, 7 = “to a large extent”)
	avoid you	0.90	0.83	0.78	0.76
	show little interest in your opinion	0.89	0.86	0.86	0.85
	disregard your interests	0.94	0.88	0.79	0.85
	ignore you	0.89	0.85	0.87	0.84
	your voice is not heard	0.93	0.78	0.90	0.86
	keep information from you	0.79	0.80	0.80	0.75
	do not pay attention to you	0.94	0.84	0.87	0.80
Social undermining² (Duffy et al., 2002)	“Others at the co-op…”					7-point scale
	belittle you or your ideas	0.79	0.92	0.73	–	(1 = “not at all”, 7 = “to a large extent”)
	compete with you for status and recognition	0.88	0.91	0.85	–	(1 = “not at all”, 7 = “to a large extent”)
	criticise the way you handle things in a way that is not helpful	0.80	0.95	0.90	–
	insult you	0.76	0.87	0.81	–
Trust² (Morgan and Hunt, 1994)	“Others at the co-op…”					7-point scale
	can generally be trusted	0.79	0.86	0.75	–	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	can be counted on to do what is right	0.58	0.67	0.51	–	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	have high integrity	0.69	0.78	0.62	–
	can be relied on	0.78	0.76	0.76	–
WOM² (Choi and Choi, 2014)	I usually say positive things about my co-op to other people	0.84	0.91	0.75	–	7-point scale
	I tell other people to consider my co-op for membership	0.78	0.91	0.82	–	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	I recommend my co-op and its products/services to others	0.90	0.96	0.89	–
Withdrawal intentions^{2, 3} (Jensen et al., 2013)	I often think of quitting my membership at the co-op	0.72	0.74	0.80	0.68	7-point scale
	If that were possible, I would look for a better co-op	0.81	0.95	0.91	0.85	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	There isn’t much to be gained by staying in the co-op	0.79	0.92	0.88	0.86
Entitativity³ (Vock et al., 2013)	“At my co-op, we…”					7-point scale
	form an entity	–	–	–	0.86	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	have a bond	–	–	–	0.85	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	are a unity	–	–	–	0.85
Cognitive capital³ (Villenaa et al., 2011)	share similar corporate culture/values	–	–	–	0.69	7-point scale
	share similar philosophies/approaches to business dealings	–	–	–	0.87	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	have compatible goals and objectives	–	–	–	0.85
Customer-company identification³ (Homburg et al., 2009)	I strongly identify with this co-op	–	–	–	0.74	7-point scale
	I feel good to be a member-customer of this co-op	–	–	–	0.79	(1 = “strongly disagree”, 7 = “strongly agree”)
	I like to tell that I am a member-customer of this co-op	–	–	–	0.77
	This co-op fits well to me	–	–	–	0.78

Notes:

Subscripts indicate the corresponding sample in Study 2 (A = sample A, B = sample B, and C = sample C); superscripts indicate the study in which each measure was used (1 = Study 1, 2 = Study 2, and 3 = Study 3); FL = factor loading; all factor loadings were highly significant (p < 0.001); the three potential sources of ostracism (i.e. employees, other members, members of the BoD) were given as examples for “others”

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