Table I.

Selected integrative studies on TAM and IDT

StudyContext, method, sample size(s)Dependent variable(s)Determinant(s) and findingsaMediation(s)/moderator(s)1 
Agarwal and Prasad (1997) World wide web; survey; 73 participantsCurrent Use (R2 = 0.48)
Future Use Intentions (R2=0.46)
For current use: Voluntariness (−); Relative Advantage (=PU, n.s.); PEOU (n.s.); VI (+); CO (+); RD (n.s.); TRI (+); Image (n.s.)
For future use intention: Voluntariness (n.s.); Relative Advantage (=PU, +); PEOU (n.s.); VI (n.s.); CO (n.s.); RD (+); TRI (n.s.); Image (n.s.); Actual usage (n.s.)
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Chen et al. (2002) Virtual stores; survey, 253 participantsActual useBehavioral intention (+)Via BI: Attitude (+); PU (n.s.)
Via Attitude: PU (+); PEOU (+); CO (+)
Via PU: PEOU (+), CO (+)
Chen et al. (2009) Smart phone use within a delivery service company; survey; 274 employeesBehavioral intention (Model 4)PU (n.s.); Self Efficacy (+); Attitude (+)Via Attitude: PU (n.s.); PEOU (n.s.); CO (n.s.); TR (+); OB (n.s.); Task (n.s.); Individual (n.s.); Organization (+); Environment (+)
Via PU: CO (+); PEOU (+)
Via PEOU: Self Efficacy (+)
Karahanna et al. (1999) Information technology; cross-sectional field study;
268 employees
Behavior intention to adopt (R2 = 0.38),
Behavior Intention to continuing using (R2 = 0.24)
Adopt: Attitude (n.s.); Subjective norm (+); Perceived voluntariness (n.s.)
Continuing using: Attitude (+); Subjective Norm (n.s.); Perceived Voluntariness (-)
Via Attitude to adopt: PU (+); PEOU (+); Image (n.s.); VI (+); RD (+), TRI (-)
Via Attitude to continuing toward use: PU (+); PEOU (n.s.); Image (+); VI (n.s.); RD (n.s.), TRI (n.s.)
Lee et al. (2011) E-learning; survey; 566 employeesBehavioral intention (R2 = 0.51)PU (+); CO (+); Complexity (=PEOU, -); Relative Advantage (=PU, +)OB (+); TR (+)Via PU: PEOU (+);CO (+); Complexity (=PEOU, +); Relative Advantage (=PU, +)OB (n.s.); TRI (-)
Via PEOU: CO (n.s.); Complexity (=PEOU, -); Relative Advantage (=PU, +)OB (n.s.); TRI (-)
Mun et al. (2006) PDA acceptance; field study; 222 health care professionalsBehavioral intention (R2 = 0.57)Perceived behavioral control (PBC) (+); PEOU (n.s.); PU (+); Subjective Norm (SN) (+)Via PBC and SN: Personal Innovativeness (PI) (+)
Via PU: PEOU (+); PI (+); RD (+); Image (+); SN (+)
Via RD: PI (+)
Via PEOU: PBC (+); PI (+); RD (+)
Park and Chen (2007) Smartphone; survey, 133 medical doctors and nursesAttitude
Behavioral intention to use
PU
PEOU
PU(+); PEOU(+); CO(not tested); OB (+); TR (n.s.); Task (not tested); Individual (n.s.); Organizational (+); Environment (not tested)
PU (+); Attitude (+); Self-efficacy (+)
PEOU (+)
Self-efficacy (+)
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Tung et al. (2008) Electronic logistic IS in the medical industry; survey; 252 nursesBehavioral Intention (R2 = 0.70)Perceived financial cost (-), CO (+); PU (+); PEOU (+); Trust (+)Via PU: CO (+); PEOU (+); Trust (+)
Via Trust: PEOU (+)
Wu and Wang (2005) Mobile commerce; survey, 310 mobile commerce userActual useBI (+)Via BI: Perceived Risk (+); Cost (-); CO (+); PU (+); PEOU (n.s.)
Via PU: CO (+); PEOU (+)
Wu et al. (2007) Acceptance of Mobile health-care systems (MHS); survey; 123 health-care professionalsBehavioral intentionPU (+); PEOU (+); CO (+)Via PU: PEOU (+); CO (+); MHS self-efficacy (+); Technical Support and Training (n.s.)
Via PEOU: CO (+); Self-Efficacy (+); Technical Support and training (n.s.)
Zhou (2008) Internet; survey; 773 journalistsVoluntary vs forced adopter
Voluntary vs non-adopter
Forced vs non-adopters
Relative Advantage (=PU, +); PEOU (+); Observability (-); PU (+); Image (n.s.); Among family members (+), among city residents (n.s.); Age (-); Gender (n.s.); education (n.s.); income (n.s.); Perceived popularity in occupation (n.s.); job title (-); media size (-); website construction (-); Internet connectivity (n.s.)
Relative Advantage (=PU, +); PEOU (+); Observability (n.s.); PU (n.s.); Image (n.s.); Among family members (+), among city residents (+); Age (-); Gender (+); education (n.s.); income (n.s.); Perceived popularity in occupation (n.s.); job title (n.s.); media size (n.s.); website construction (n.s.); Internet connectivity (+)
Relative Advantage (=PU, n.s.); PEOU (n.s.); Observability (n.s.); PU (+); Image (n.s.); Among family members (+), among city residents (n.s.); Age (-); Gender (+); education (n.s.); income (n.s.); Perceived popularity in occupation (n.s.); job title (+); media size (n.s.); website construction (+); Internet connectivity (+)
 

Notes:

a Original TAM and IDT Components in bold; Studies using personal innovativeness were excluded from the overview

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