Table II Difference in means between... | Emerald Publishing

Table II

Difference in means between non-innovative firms and innovative firms

Variables	Non-innovative firms	Innovative firms	Difference
Innovation performance	0.00	35.06	−35.060***
Turnover	1,667.60	1,649.80	17.805
Openness	6.57	24.21	−17.637***
Formal training	0.93	0.92	0.012
New product marketing	0.18	0.62	−0.442***
Marketing innovation	0.54	0.77	−0.232***
Firm age	12.85	14.57	−1.725*
Firm size	167.98	191.26	−23.282
Education level of employees	0.26	0.32	−0.066*
Exports destination	0.92	0.94	−0.026
R&D expenditure	2.40	14.09	−11.691***
Intellectual property rights	0.17	0.31	−0.145***
Origin of innovation	0.00	0.89	−0.889***
Sector dummy	0.52	0.66	−0.134***
Group	0.12	0.23	−0.114***
n	315	316

Variables	Non-innovative firms	Innovative firms	Difference
Innovation performance	0.00	35.06	−35.060***
Turnover	1,667.60	1,649.80	17.805
Openness	6.57	24.21	−17.637***
Formal training	0.93	0.92	0.012
New product marketing	0.18	0.62	−0.442***
Marketing innovation	0.54	0.77	−0.232***
Firm age	12.85	14.57	−1.725*
Firm size	167.98	191.26	−23.282
Education level of employees	0.26	0.32	−0.066*
Exports destination	0.92	0.94	−0.026
R&D expenditure	2.40	14.09	−11.691***
Intellectual property rights	0.17	0.31	−0.145***
Origin of innovation	0.00	0.89	−0.889***
Sector dummy	0.52	0.66	−0.134***
Group	0.12	0.23	−0.114***
n	315	316

Notes: t-test on equality of means. *p<0.10; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01