Table III Descriptive statistics and... | Emerald Publishing

Table III

Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix

Variables	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Innovation performance	17.56	30.13	0.00	100.00	1.00
Innovation turnover	1,658.68	13,451.93	0.10	200,000.00	0.01	1.00
Openness	15.40	20.12	0.00	100.00	0.40*	−0.01	1.00
Formal training	0.92	0.27	0.00	1.00	0.02	0.02	−0.05	1.00
New product marketing	0.40	0.49	0.00	1.00	0.43*	−0.04	0.48*	−0.04	1.00
Marketing innovation	0.65	0.48	0.00	1.00	0.32*	−0.03	0.27*	−0.03	0.38*	1.00
Firm age	13.71	12.66	1.00	151.00	0.00	0.26*	−0.05	0.01	0.10*	−0.03	1.00
Firm size	180.00	1,100.00	8.00	17,000.00	−0.03	0.59*	−0.01	0.04	0.03	−0.05	0.26*	1.00
Education level of employees	0.29	0.45	0.00	1.00	0.07	0.11*	0.13*	0.06	0.02	0.13*	0.08*	0.10*	1.00
Exports destination	0.93	0.25	0.00	1.00	0.08*	−0.10*	0.01	−0.01	0.06	0.05	−0.04	−0.06	−0.04	1.00
R&D expenditure	8.25	49.89	0.00	775.00	0.15*	0.14*	0.09*	−0.02	0.12*	0.07	0.06	0.16*	0.11*	0.01	1.00
Intellectual property rights	0.24	0.43	0.00	1.00	0.10*	0.04	0.25*	0.02	0.21*	0.12*	0.01	0.05	0.02	−0.03	0.12*	1.00
Origin of innovation	0.45	0.50	0.00	1.00	0.52*	0.01	0.34*	−0.03	0.42*	0.23*	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.05	0.10*	0.15*	1.00
Sector dummy	0.59	0.49	0.00	1.00	0.09*	0.01	−0.01	−0.03	0.09*	−0.08	0.14*	0.03	−0.30*	0.11*	0.02	0.04	0.15*	1.00
Group	0.18	0.38	0.00	1.00	0.05	0.19*	0.13*	0.06	0.16*	0.08	0.14*	0.23*	0.14*	0.03	0.15*	0.16*	0.06	−0.07

Variables	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Innovation performance	17.56	30.13	0.00	100.00	1.00
Innovation turnover	1,658.68	13,451.93	0.10	200,000.00	0.01	1.00
Openness	15.40	20.12	0.00	100.00	0.40*	−0.01	1.00
Formal training	0.92	0.27	0.00	1.00	0.02	0.02	−0.05	1.00
New product marketing	0.40	0.49	0.00	1.00	0.43*	−0.04	0.48*	−0.04	1.00
Marketing innovation	0.65	0.48	0.00	1.00	0.32*	−0.03	0.27*	−0.03	0.38*	1.00
Firm age	13.71	12.66	1.00	151.00	0.00	0.26*	−0.05	0.01	0.10*	−0.03	1.00
Firm size	180.00	1,100.00	8.00	17,000.00	−0.03	0.59*	−0.01	0.04	0.03	−0.05	0.26*	1.00
Education level of employees	0.29	0.45	0.00	1.00	0.07	0.11*	0.13*	0.06	0.02	0.13*	0.08*	0.10*	1.00
Exports destination	0.93	0.25	0.00	1.00	0.08*	−0.10*	0.01	−0.01	0.06	0.05	−0.04	−0.06	−0.04	1.00
R&D expenditure	8.25	49.89	0.00	775.00	0.15*	0.14*	0.09*	−0.02	0.12*	0.07	0.06	0.16*	0.11*	0.01	1.00
Intellectual property rights	0.24	0.43	0.00	1.00	0.10*	0.04	0.25*	0.02	0.21*	0.12*	0.01	0.05	0.02	−0.03	0.12*	1.00
Origin of innovation	0.45	0.50	0.00	1.00	0.52*	0.01	0.34*	−0.03	0.42*	0.23*	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.05	0.10*	0.15*	1.00
Sector dummy	0.59	0.49	0.00	1.00	0.09*	0.01	−0.01	−0.03	0.09*	−0.08	0.14*	0.03	−0.30*	0.11*	0.02	0.04	0.15*	1.00
Group	0.18	0.38	0.00	1.00	0.05	0.19*	0.13*	0.06	0.16*	0.08	0.14*	0.23*	0.14*	0.03	0.15*	0.16*	0.06	−0.07

Notes: n=631. Turnover and R&D expenditure are divided by 1,000,000. The correlation coefficient are significant at the 5 per cent level