Table 4

Regression models

Employer/employee relationshipEmployee retention
Training for employability0.24314080.06963893.490.0000.10665110.3796306−0.08806290.0620687−1.420.156−0.20971540.0335896
Competitive intensity (ref. cat. Not at all or not very competitive)
Fairly or very competitive0.37545980.07366165.100.0000.23108580.5198338−0.41942750.0610955−6.870.000−0.5391726−0.2996825
Training for employability x competitive intensity0.18282870.07557872.420.0160.03469710.33096020.03376010.06558820.510.607−0.09479040.1623106
Employees in training during paid working hours
20%–39%0.06119870.06763550.900.366−0.07136450.19376180.07492260.05232061.430.152−0.02762390.1774692
40%–59%0.25516990.08029793.180.0010.09778890.412551−0.03410960.0584685−0.580.560−0.14870580.0804866
60%–79%−0.0855160.0825874−1.040.300−0.24738430.07635230.01185830.06369420.190.852−0.11298010.1366967
80% and more0.17915690.07207692.490.0130.03788870.32042520.12578340.05441232.310.0210.01913730.2324295
Employee retention (ref. cat. Very or fairly difficult)
Not at all or not very difficult0.75682790.051149814.800.0000.65657620.8570797      
Employer/employee relationship(ref. cat. Very bad or bad, neither good nor bad)
Good or very good      0.74648160.050674314.730.0000.64716180.8458015
Workplace size (ref. cat. Small)
Medium−0.32850760.056321−5.830.000−0.4388948−0.2181205−0.16969340.0435341−3.900.000−0.2550187−0.0843681
Large−0.55945330.0853768−6.550.000−0.7267888−0.3921178−0.28746480.0678938−4.230.000−0.4205343−0.1543953
Industry (ref. cat. Mining, quarrying)
Manufacturing0.22338540.33341840.670.503−0.43010260.8768735−0.16329330.2992695−0.550.585−0.74985070.4232641
Electricity, gas0.09647610.40121680.240.810−0.68989430.8828466−0.01774510.357693−0.050.960−0.71881050.6833204
Water supply0.30014070.37428790.800.423−0.43345021.0337320.29792860.3374820.880.377−0.3635240.9593813
Construction0.42189010.33884581.250.213−0.24223561.086016−0.37542740.3020977−1.240.214−0.96752790.2166732
Wholesale and retail trade0.21135370.33554020.630.529−0.4462930.8690005−0.15182770.3003504−0.510.613−0.74050360.4368482
Transportation and storage0.34363360.3424771.000.316−0.3276091.014876−0.46605580.3050185−1.530.127−1.0638810.1317695
Accommodation and food service activities0.48000270.34760691.380.167−0.20129441.1613−0.68705550.3056274−2.250.025−1.286074−0.0880369
Information and communication0.6733070.35660761.890.059−0.0256311.372245−0.60703770.3101282−1.960.050−1.2148780.0008024
Financial and insurance activities0.17209850.37606840.460.647−0.5649820.9091789−0.08857180.3274055−0.270.787−0.73027480.5531312
Real estate activities0.33835150.40200620.840.400−0.44956621.1262690.03245810.34952310.090.926−0.65259460.7175108
Professional, scientific and technical activities0.51490210.3469511.480.138−0.16510941.194913−0.56139330.3060615−1.830.067−1.1612630.0384762
Administrative and support service activities0.6418730.35423251.810.070−0.052411.336156−0.56607520.3100345−1.830.068−1.1737320.0415812
Arts, entertainment and recreation−0.1993050.3637266−0.550.584−0.91219590.513586−0.11242510.3263214−0.340.730−0.75200330.5271532
Other service activities0.43270930.34705941.250.212−0.24751461.112933−0.26425070.3079462−0.860.391−0.86781420.3393128
Open-ended contracts (ref. cat. < 60%)
60% and more−0.15652630.0731657−2.140.032−0.2999285−0.01312410.14798540.05390182.750.0060.04233980.2536311
Managers (ref. cat. < 20%)
20% and more−0.09012730.0794865−1.130.257−0.2459180.06566330.13204880.05728362.310.0210.01977510.2443226
Part-timers (ref. cat. <40%)
40% and more0.21867660.08138852.690.0070.05915820.3781951−0.16054090.0578342−2.780.006−0.2738939−0.047188
Internal recruiting (ref. cat. Always)
Most of the time−0.23755280.0627354−3.790.000−0.3605119−0.1145937−0.06090670.0442073−1.380.168−0.14755140.0257381
Sometimes−0.53226340.0713785−7.460.000−0.6721627−0.39236410.04905090.05537450.890.376−0.05948110.1575828
Rarely−0.71900980.0825751−8.710.000−0.8808539−0.55716560.18086540.06823352.650.0080.04713030.3146005
Never−0.44486860.0993312−4.480.000−0.6395542−0.2501830.01148850.07792810.150.883−0.14124770.1642247
Employees with extra-pay linked to ind. performance (ref. cat. None)
<20%−0.04938480.0610955−0.810.419−0.16912990.0703603−0.19714840.0479159−4.110.000−0.2910618−0.1032349
20%–39%0.13869780.08855261.570.117−0.03486210.3122577−0.1545160.0652281−2.370.018−0.2823608−0.0266713
40%–59%0.0084880.10717970.080.937−0.20158030.2185562−0.29188420.0778701−3.750.000−0.4445068−0.1392615
60%–79%0.01956310.11486360.170.865−0.20556530.2446915−0.22546620.083817−2.690.007−0.3897444−0.061188
80%–99%0.02999220.11202170.270.789−0.18956620.2495507−0.10756570.0823087−1.310.191−0.26888780.0537564
All0.25396220.09682462.620.0090.06418950.4437349−0.09454540.0651931−1.450.147−0.22232160.0332308
Employees independently organizing (ref. cat. None)
<20%−0.11945540.0948918−1.260.208−0.30543990.06652910.0104790.07324770.140.886−0.13308390.1540419
20%–39%−0.08567270.103295−0.830.407−0.28812730.11678190.17120280.07885222.170.0300.01665530.3257502
40%–59%−0.12931610.1139859−1.130.257−0.35272440.09409220.24611740.08662642.840.0040.07633270.4159021
60%–79%−0.02446240.1245682−0.200.844−0.26861160.21968670.22700420.09225972.460.0140.04617850.40783
80%–99%0.11202990.13980870.800.423−0.16199020.386050.26209830.10118682.590.0100.06377590.4604208
All0.00917590.13898320.070.947−0.26322610.28157790.29401870.0985112.980.0030.10094070.4870967
Employees whose job include finding solutions to unfamiliar problems (ref. cat. None)
<20%−0.05755360.1008375−0.570.568−0.25519160.1400843−0.04423840.0774591−0.570.568−0.19605540.1075786
20%–39%0.02373710.10845250.220.827−0.1888260.2363002−0.09248480.0823883−1.120.262−0.25396290.0689932
40%–59%0.15174090.12136881.250.211−0.08613750.3896194−0.18389110.0900095−2.040.041−0.3603065−0.0074758
60%–79%0.0736390.13539040.540.587−0.19172140.3389993−0.13746730.099588−1.380.167−0.33265620.0577216
80%–99%0.04815680.16091130.300.765−0.26722350.3635372−0.20816350.1156483−1.800.072−0.434830.018503
All0.25286260.15630261.620.106−0.05348480.5592099−0.23263720.1071308−2.170.030−0.4426097−0.0226648
Employee motivation (ref. cat. Very or fairly motivated)
Not at all or not very motivated1.8979390.054112835.070.0001.791882.0039980.65854340.050083313.150.0000.5603820.7567049
Any industrial action since 2016 (ref. cat. No)
Yes−0.87045540.1292162−6.740.000−1.123715−0.6171964−0.15887180.1159318−1.370.171−0.38609380.0683503
In 2018 establishment made a profit (ref. cat. No)
Broke even0.09540010.09250991.030.302−0.08591590.27671610.039490.07518090.530.599−0.10786190.1868418
Yes0.33201910.07034884.720.0000.19413790.46990030.20940320.05797043.610.0000.09578330.3230231
Country
Belgium−0.32823620.1679351−1.950.051−0.6573830.00091060.17706190.11673871.520.129−0.05174160.4058655
Bulgaria1.1830530.18488636.400.0000.82068221.545423−0.11339320.1130105−1.000.316−0.33488970.1081034
Croatia0.32034860.19371151.650.098−0.0593190.7000162−0.01289190.1308533−0.100.922−0.26935970.2435759
Cyprus1.4225780.54640092.600.0090.35165182.4935040.76385120.29240012.610.0090.19075761.336945
Czechia0.0633810.16853560.380.707−0.26694270.3937046−0.57195940.1153882−4.960.000−0.7981162−0.3458026
Denmark0.04238340.18207610.230.816−0.31447910.39924590.94277020.13116917.190.0000.68568351.199857
Estonia0.38122640.20270621.880.060−0.01607040.7785231−0.44192150.1297037−3.410.001−0.6961361−0.1877069
Finland−0.47450580.170855−2.780.005−0.8093755−0.13963611.2799470.13497839.480.0001.0153951.5445
France−0.38325590.1533864−2.500.012−0.6838876−0.0826241−0.004410.1033585−0.040.966−0.20698890.1981689
Germany−0.58775570.1732527−3.390.001−0.9273247−0.24818670.14630740.12523651.170.243−0.09915160.3917663
Greece0.63529510.21757722.920.0040.20885171.0617391.0774350.16482576.540.0000.75438241.400487
Hungary0.07160620.16443130.440.663−0.25067320.3938856−0.69770740.1093769−6.380.000−0.9120822−0.4833326
Ireland−0.09066190.2779263−0.330.744−0.63538750.45406370.18461880.17696771.040.297−0.16223160.5314692
Italy−0.68156140.1483661−4.590.000−0.9723537−0.39076910.10897640.10255731.060.288−0.09203230.3099851
Latvia0.08868240.19053730.470.642−0.28476390.4621287−0.18785050.1329223−1.410.158−0.44837340.0726723
Lithuania−0.35894280.1940892−1.850.064−0.73935060.0214650.34671020.14581592.380.0170.06091630.6325041
Luxembourg−0.67737230.2535068−2.670.008−1174236−0.1805081−0.18247350.1801981−1.010.311−0.53565530.1707082
Malta0.36042860.37217830.970.333−0.36902751.089885−1.233450.2030193−6.080.000−1.63136−0.8355391
Netherlands−0.62489130.1603994−3.900.000−0.9392684−0.31051420.21353660.11197681.910.057−0.00593390.433007
Poland−0.24622140.1697104−1.450.147−0.57884760.0864049−0.46026840.1197195−3.840.000−0.6949143−0.2256225
Portugal−0.32060820.170785−1.880.060−0.65534060.01412420.40134930.11928483.360.0010.16755530.6351433
Romania−0.15770440.1869748−0.840.399−0.52416840.2087595−1.1239450.1200688−9.360.000−1.359276−0.8886148
Slovakia−0.10643280.2144772−0.500.620−0.52680050.3139348−1.1132770.151043−7.370.000−1.409316−0.817238
Slovenia−0.37442950.1928213−1.940.052−0.75235220.00349320.34861140.13641122.560.0110.08125030.6159725
Spain−10181440.1479338−6.880.000−1308089−0.72819881.3293720.118795511.190.0001.0965371.562207
Sweden−0.43912390.1800339−2.440.015−0.7919838−0.0862640.47580530.12181763.910.0000.23704720.7145634
United Kingdom−0.54053860.191434−2.820.005−0.9157424−0.16533490.41859630.13294143.150.0020.1580360.6791566
_cons−0.23223020.3815278−0.610.543−0.9800110.51555050.14927940.32897190.450.650−0.49549370.7940524

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