Table II The implications of fragmented... | Emerald Publishing

Table II

The implications of fragmented time for care work and care quality

	Care workers and service providers	Continuity	Reliability	Flexibility
Zero-hour contracts	Care workers Instability Work intensification Dissatisfaction Stress and burnout	Highly variable working patterns; substantial labour turnover Outcome: many different care workers visit care recipient	Highly variable working patterns; substantial labour turnover Outcome: visits unfulfilled or care workers arrive late	Highly variable working patterns; limited access to training Outcome: care workers lack both knowledge of care recipient and skills to deliver flexible care

Episodic working	Service providers Recruitment difficulties High labour turnover Sickness absence Labour shortages	Substantial labour turnover Outcome: many different care workers visit care recipient	Inadequate travel time and scheduling of concurrent visits Outcome: care workers arrive late and call times are reduced	Inadequate time with care recipient Outcome: care workers struggle to fulfil care plan and cannot go beyond it

Visit length		Inadequate time with care recipient	Inadequate time with care recipient	Inadequate time with care recipient Work intensification, stress and burnout, sickness absence Outcome: disassociation creates reduced flexibility
		Work intensification, stress and burnout, sickness absence	Work intensification, stress and burnout, sickness absence
		Outcome: many different care workers visit care recipient	Outcome: care workers arrive late and call times are shortened

	Care workers and service providers	Continuity	Reliability	Flexibility
Zero-hour contracts	Care workers Instability Work intensification Dissatisfaction Stress and burnout	Highly variable working patterns; substantial labour turnoverOutcome: many different care workers visit care recipient	Highly variable working patterns; substantial labour turnoverOutcome: visits unfulfilled or care workers arrive late	Highly variable working patterns; limited access to trainingOutcome: care workers lack both knowledge of care recipient and skills to deliver flexible care

Episodic working	Service providers Recruitment difficulties High labour turnover Sickness absence Labour shortages	Substantial labour turnoverOutcome: many different care workers visit care recipient	Inadequate travel time and scheduling of concurrent visitsOutcome: care workers arrive late and call times are reduced	Inadequate time with care recipientOutcome: care workers struggle to fulfil care plan and cannot go beyond it

Visit length		Inadequate time with care recipient	Inadequate time with care recipient	Inadequate time with care recipientWork intensification, stress and burnout, sickness absenceOutcome: disassociation creates reduced flexibility
		Work intensification, stress and burnout, sickness absence	Work intensification, stress and burnout, sickness absence
		Outcome: many different care workers visit care recipient	Outcome: care workers arrive late and call times are shortened