Table 2

The eight parts of prudence and its temporal implications for knowledge

Parts of prudence and phasesThe person of prudence has the capacity toEntrepreneurial advantages gained through prudence
1. Knowledge of the past
MemoriaRemember past events accurately so that they can learn from experienceThe potential value of personal heuristics increases as personal experience and observations feed more accurate information into initial planning for future entrepreneurial actions
IntelligentiaUnderstand “the first basis from which a thing is known” or use common sense 
2. Knowledge of the present
DocilitasBe open-minded to recognize the wide variety of situations to be experiencedThe establishment of “guidance” routines through which to avoid the over influence of overconfidence on estimations of supply and demand, costs and consumer behaviour
SolertiaBe quick-witted where they can size up a situation quickly and identify an appropriate course of action 
RatioResearch and compare various possibilities 
3. Knowledge of conjecture
ProvidentiaSee the possible consequences of actions and estimate how well a course of action would fulfil a goalThe reduction of overconfidence has the potential to introduce greater caution when speculating future returns and evaluating risks associated future entrepreneurial actions
CircumspectoTake all the circumstances of a particular situation into account 
CautioPlan to act cautiously in order to mitigate possible risks 

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