Table 1.

List of the five IDGs and their 23 related intra-personal skills (Wamsler and Bristow, 2022)

Inner dimensionDescriptionRelated skillsCultivated through mindfulness training
1. Being – relationship to selfCultivating our inner life and developing and deepening our relationship to our thoughts, feelings and body helps us be present, intentional and non-reactive when we face complexityInner compass
Integrity and authenticity
Openness and learning mindset
Self-awareness
Presence
Yes

Yes
Yes
Yes
2. Thinking – cognitive skillsDeveloping our cognitive skills by taking different perspectives, evaluating information and making sense of the world as an interconnected whole is essential for wise decision-makingCritical thinking
Complexity awareness
Perspective skills
Sense-making
Long-term orientation and visioning
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
3. Relating – caring for others and the worldAppreciating, caring for and feeling connected to others, such as neighbors, future generations or the biosphere, helps us create more just and sustainable systems and societies for everyoneAppreciation
Connectedness
Humility
Empathy and compassion

Yes

Yes
4. Collaborating – social skillsTo make progress on shared concerns, we need to develop our abilities to include, hold space and communicate with stakeholders with different values, skills, and competenciesCommunication skills
Co-creating skills
Inclusive mindset and intercultural competence
Trust
Mobilization skills
Yes
Yes

Yes
5. Acting – driving changeQualities such as courage and optimism help us acquire true agency, break old patterns, generate original ideas and act with persistence in uncertain timesCourage
Creativity
Optimism
Perseverance
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

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