Table 2

Preliminary multilevel framework on DST

LevelComponentReferences
Network level, e.g. value partners, clients, suppliers, intermediaries
  1. Network and supply chain position

  2. Division of power and competition

  3. Trust throughout the network and interfirm dominant logic

  4. Interfirm system integration, digital maturity and readiness

  5. Co-creation and interactively developed capabilities

  6. Service platforms, ecosystems and governance

Helfat and Raubitschek (2018), Kohtamäki et al. (2019), Matthyssens and Vandenbempt (2008), Raddats et al. (2017), Sklyar et al. (2019), Vendrell-Herrero et al. (2017) 
Organizational level, e.g. firm-wide processes and mechanisms
  1. Strategy and business model development

  2. Resource configurations, (dynamic) capabilities and resources

  3. Organizational identity, structure and culture

  4. Continuous internal and external alignment led by management

Alghisi and Saccani (2015), Bustinza et al. (2018), Coreynen et al. (2017), Kohtamäki et al. (2020a), Tronvoll et al. (2020) 
Microfoundational level, e.g. mechanisms, which affect managerial and team sensemaking and mobilizationMicrofoundations of organizational decision-making, routines and (dynamic) capabilities, among which
  1. Cognitive processes, such as managerial perception, cognition, sensemaking and sense giving

  2. Affective processes causing collective and individual emotions such as emotion contagion

Felin et al. (2015), Helfat and Peteraf (2015), Hodgkinson and Healey (2014), Lenka et al. (2018a), Rabetino et al. (2017) 

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