Table 5 Discriminant validity assessment... | Emerald Publishing

Table 5

Discriminant validity assessment based on HTMT ratio

Latent variables	Business performance	Cost	Differentiation	Industry 4.0	Lean	Production ordinary capabilities	Production dynamic capabilities
Business performance
Cost (operational perf.)	0.242
Differentiation (operational perf.)	0.290	0.407
Industry 4.0	0.162	0.052	0.135
Lean	0.213	0.276	0.472	0.563
Production ordinary capabilities	0.172	0.317	0.505	0.412	0.765
Production dynamic capabilities	0.352	0.130	0.383	0.466	0.465	0.772

Latent variables	Business performance	Cost	Differentiation	Industry 4.0	Lean	Production ordinary capabilities	Production dynamic capabilities
Business performance
Cost (operational perf.)	0.242
Differentiation (operational perf.)	0.290	0.407
Industry 4.0	0.162	0.052	0.135
Lean	0.213	0.276	0.472	0.563
Production ordinary capabilities	0.172	0.317	0.505	0.412	0.765
Production dynamic capabilities	0.352	0.130	0.383	0.466	0.465	0.772