Strategic positioning of each CLSC process during transitional period and long-term horizon
| Battery CLSC processes a | Strategic positioning during transitional period | Strategic positioning in the long-term horizon | CLSC configurations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| BPP | (1) Foster development of local SC | 1.1. Foster development of local SC (move battery production to the EU; use of locally recycled battery materials) | x | x | x | x |
| 1.2. Internalise in-house production of battery pack (assembling of the service box, battery module and battery pack management software) | x | x | ||||
| 1.3. Use of recycled battery material in production of new battery cells | x | |||||
| (2) Better adaptation of the ICE vehicle design and components to EV | 2.1. Enable the platform vehicle architecture thanks to optimisation (standardization) of battery technology/design and its performance improvement | x | x | x | x | |
| 2.3. Initiate design of EV as a new product, not adaptation of ICE vehicles design | x | x | x | x | ||
| (3) Co-development of battery pack structure with suppliers | 3.1. Enable compatibility of battery design for RM and RF operations | x | x | x | ||
| 3.2. Design battery pack by considering its utility for both the first and the second life applications | x | x | ||||
| 3.3. Enable cell-to-pack approach to improve energy density and reduce cost of battery production | x | x | ||||
| 3.4. Develop Battery Management System (BMS) | x | x | x | |||
| RT | (4) Assess feasibility of the three modes of relationship with customers and suppliers: return battery contract, service contract, and warranty contracts | 4.1. Cost optimisation of contracts thanks to accumulated knowledge on patterns of battery use and state of returned batteries | x | x | x | |
| 4.2. Improve competitiveness of contractual agreements with customers by offering multiple modes of battery replacement (new, refurbished, or remanufactured) | x | x | x | |||
| 4.3. Leasing batteries (based on certain number of km or/and numbers of charge cycles) | x | x | x | |||
| 4.4. Extend battery warranty to the entire battery lifetime | x | x | ||||
| 4.5. Offering fast battery repair service at dealership point(s) or local warehouses | x | x | x | x | ||
| HD | (5) Suppliers manage full HD | x | ||||
| (6) Outsource full HD to third parties | x | |||||
| (7) Training the dealers to conduct the first visual assessment and classification of returned batteries Acquisition of relevant knowledge, skills, and equipment | 7.1. Perform in-house HD of returned batteries (in addition to the visual inspection) – to increase transparency of supplier’s warranty management | x | x | x | x | |
| 7.2 Perform in-house full HD at recovery facilities– to improve distribution of returned batteries between the recovery routes | x | x | x | |||
| RM/RF | (8) Learn the process and requirements by third parties through outsourcing of recovery processes | 8.1. Internalise RM/RF processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | x | |
| RP | (9) Develop explorative projects to identify opportunities around RP | 9.1. Internalise RP processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | ||
| (10) Learn the process and requirements by third parties (out-sourcing operational mode) | 10.1. Internalise RP processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | |||
| (11) Negotiate with battery pack supplier outsourcing of RP to external companies | 11.1. Internalise RP processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | |||
| (12) Sell returned batteries (without any intervention) to either recyclers or remanufacturing companies | x | |||||
| RC | (13) Store returned batteries until high volumes are reached | x | ||||
| (14) Sell returned batteries to recyclers in exchange of RC fee Choose recyclers that accept low volume of returned batteries | 14.1. Handling of EOL batteries through individual EPR schemes | x | ||||
| 14.2. Handling of batteries not suitable for RM/RF/RP by recyclers (outsourcing operational mode) | x | x | ||||
| *Using recycled materials in new battery cells production through triangle alliance with recyclers and cell producers | x | |||||
| *Using recycled materials in new battery cells production through JV/outsourcing operational mode with recyclers | x | |||||
| *Ownership of recycled material for securing material sources for battery production (through alliance with recyclers; JV/outsourcing operational mode) | x | |||||
| RL | (15) Outsource RL to service providers | 15.1. Internalise RL processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | x | x |
| (16) Increase transparency and control in existing RL | 16.1. Full control and monitoring of the flows of returned batteries | x | x | x | x | |
| (17) Develop information management system to support RL | 17.1. Full control and monitoring of the flows of returned batteries | x | x | x | x | |
| (18) Shared use of RL of conventional parts (hubs, routs, warehouses) | 18. 1. Expansion and optimisation of RL network to support recovery facilities (RM/RF/RP/RC) and new geographical markets | x | x | x | x | |
| Battery CLSC processes a | Strategic positioning during transitional period | Strategic positioning in the long-term horizon | CLSC configurations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| BPP | (1) Foster development of local SC | 1.1. Foster development of local SC (move battery production to the EU; use of locally recycled battery materials) | x | x | x | x |
| 1.2. Internalise in-house production of battery pack (assembling of the service box, battery module and battery pack management software) | x | x | ||||
| 1.3. Use of recycled battery material in production of new battery cells | x | |||||
| (2) Better adaptation of the ICE vehicle design and components to EV | 2.1. Enable the platform vehicle architecture thanks to optimisation (standardization) of battery technology/design and its performance improvement | x | x | x | x | |
| 2.3. Initiate design of EV as a new product, not adaptation of ICE vehicles design | x | x | x | x | ||
| (3) Co-development of battery pack structure with suppliers | 3.1. Enable compatibility of battery design for RM and RF operations | x | x | x | ||
| 3.2. Design battery pack by considering its utility for both the first and the second life applications | x | x | ||||
| 3.3. Enable cell-to-pack approach to improve energy density and reduce cost of battery production | x | x | ||||
| 3.4. Develop Battery Management System (BMS) | x | x | x | |||
| RT | (4) Assess feasibility of the three modes of relationship with customers and suppliers: return battery contract, service contract, and warranty contracts | 4.1. Cost optimisation of contracts thanks to accumulated knowledge on patterns of battery use and state of returned batteries | x | x | x | |
| 4.2. Improve competitiveness of contractual agreements with customers by offering multiple modes of battery replacement (new, refurbished, or remanufactured) | x | x | x | |||
| 4.3. Leasing batteries (based on certain number of km or/and numbers of charge cycles) | x | x | x | |||
| 4.4. Extend battery warranty to the entire battery lifetime | x | x | ||||
| 4.5. Offering fast battery repair service at dealership point(s) or local warehouses | x | x | x | x | ||
| HD | (5) Suppliers manage full HD | x | ||||
| (6) Outsource full HD to third parties | x | |||||
| (7) Training the dealers to conduct the first visual assessment and classification of returned batteries | 7.1. Perform in-house HD of returned batteries (in addition to the visual inspection) – to increase transparency of supplier’s warranty management | x | x | x | x | |
| 7.2 Perform in-house full HD at recovery facilities– to improve distribution of returned batteries between the recovery routes | x | x | x | |||
| RM/RF | (8) Learn the process and requirements by third parties through outsourcing of recovery processes | 8.1. Internalise RM/RF processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | x | |
| RP | (9) Develop explorative projects to identify opportunities around RP | 9.1. Internalise RP processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | ||
| (10) Learn the process and requirements by third parties (out-sourcing operational mode) | 10.1. Internalise RP processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | |||
| (11) Negotiate with battery pack supplier outsourcing of RP to external companies | 11.1. Internalise RP processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | |||
| (12) Sell returned batteries (without any intervention) to either recyclers or remanufacturing companies | x | |||||
| RC | (13) Store returned batteries until high volumes are reached | x | ||||
| (14) Sell returned batteries to recyclers in exchange of RC fee | 14.1. Handling of EOL batteries through individual EPR schemes | x | ||||
| 14.2. Handling of batteries not suitable for RM/RF/RP by recyclers (outsourcing operational mode) | x | x | ||||
| *Using recycled materials in new battery cells production through triangle alliance with recyclers and cell producers | x | |||||
| *Using recycled materials in new battery cells production through JV/outsourcing operational mode with recyclers | x | |||||
| *Ownership of recycled material for securing material sources for battery production (through alliance with recyclers; JV/outsourcing operational mode) | x | |||||
| RL | (15) Outsource RL to service providers | 15.1. Internalise RL processes (in-house/outsourcing/mixed operational mode) | x | x | x | x |
| (16) Increase transparency and control in existing RL | 16.1. Full control and monitoring of the flows of returned batteries | x | x | x | x | |
| (17) Develop information management system to support RL | 17.1. Full control and monitoring of the flows of returned batteries | x | x | x | x | |
| (18) Shared use of RL of conventional parts (hubs, routs, warehouses) | 18. 1. Expansion and optimisation of RL network to support recovery facilities (RM/RF/RP/RC) and new geographical markets | x | x | x | x | |
Note(s): aBPP= Battery purchasing & production; RT= Return of EOL batteries; HD= Health diagnostics; RM = Remanufacturing; RF= Refurbishment; RP= Repurposing; RC= Recycling; RL= Reverse logistics
*long-term strategies without direct corresponding short-term strategies
Source(s): Authors’ own work
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.