Table A1.

Scales to measure RL practices and business performance

Responsible leadership practices
Please indicate your degree of agreement with the following statements in relation to your role in charge of the restauranta:
ReferenceCronbach’s alpha
Societal orientation  
Soc1.I engage in charitable workFrisch and Huppenbauer (2014) 0.72
Soc2.I offer professional training for graduates
Soc3.I offer jobs to socially disadvantaged people
Soc4.I take an active role in my communityDoh et al. (2011) 
Soc5.I tend to care about public-related aspects like education, health and povertyMousa (2017; 2019a) 
Ethics  
Ethic1. I am sincere when dealing with internal and external stakeholdersAntunes and Franco (2016) 0.89
Ethic2.I communicate fairly and honestlyFrisch and Huppenbauer (2014) 
Ethic3.I tend to take actions that are ethicalDe Hoogh and Den Hartog (2008) 
Stakeholder involvement  
Stak1.I involve in-and-out of organization’s viewpoints when making a decisionMousa (2018) 0.59
Stak2.I have long-lasting relationships with various stakeholders
Stak3.I respond well to a diverse group of stakeholdersDoh et al. (2011) 
Stak4.I take corporate social responsibility seriously (e.g. have a clear policy that reflects a commitment to one or more social causes)
Power-sharing  
Power1. I reconsider decisions on the basis of recommendations by those who report to meDe Hoogh and Den Hartog (2008) 0.80
Power2. I delegate challenging responsibilities to subordinates
Power3. I seek advice concerning organizational strategy from subordinates
Environmental orientation  
Envir1. I train employees in eco-friendly behavior and lifestyleFrisch and Huppenbauer (2014) 0.94
Envir2. I am aware of key stakeholder demands related to environmental problemsJang et al. (2017) 
Envir3. I consider the consequences of environmental decisions for the key stakeholders
Business performance
How do you rate the following performance indicators for your business?b
  
Financial performance  
FinP1. Return on assets (profit/total assets)Gunday et al. (2011) 0.85
FinP2.General profitability of the firm
FinP3.Return on sales (profit/total sales)
FinP4.Cash flow excluding investments
Innovation performance  
InnP1.Renewing the administrative system and the mindset in line with firm’s environmentGunday et al. (2011) 0.70
InnP2.Innovations introduced for work processes and methods
InnP3.Quality of new products and services introduced
InnP4. Percentage of new dishes in the restaurant's offer

Note:

aFive-point Likert scale (1-strongly disagree; 5-strongly agree).

b

Five-point semantic differential scale (1- extremely unsuccessful; 5-extremely successful)

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