Table 2

Expectations regarding types of social programs and welfare chauvinistic arguments

HypothesesSocial program (independent variable)Welfare chauvinistic arguments (dependent variable)
H1Universal benefitsEconomic arguments
  1. Welfare tourism (H1a)

  2. Economic burden (H1b)

Cultural argument
  1. Cultural belonging (H1c)

H2Means-tested benefitsEconomic arguments
  1. Welfare tourism (H2a)

  2. Economic burden (H2b)

Source(s): Own elaboration

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