Quality criteria for case study research within the realism, positivism and constructionism paradigms
| Paradigm/Element | Positivism | Realism | Constructivism |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ontology | Reality is real and apprehendable | Reality is real but only imperfectly and probabilistically apprehendable | Multiple, local and specific “constructed” realities |
| Epistemology | Objectivist: findings are true | Modified objectivist: findings are probably true | Subjectivist: created findings |
| Quality criteria | Reliability, external and internal validity | Analytical generalization | Trustworthiness |
| Paradigm/Element | Positivism | Realism | Constructivism |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reality is real and apprehendable | Reality is real but only imperfectly and probabilistically apprehendable | Multiple, local and specific “constructed” realities | |
| Objectivist: findings are true | Modified objectivist: findings are probably true | Subjectivist: created findings | |
| Reliability, external and internal validity | Analytical generalization | Trustworthiness |
Source:
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.