Table 2 The coding scheme for proactive... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

The coding scheme for proactive and reactive CSR approaches

Generic categories	Market driving/driven characteristics	Proactive CSR	Reactive CSR
Goals and essence	Driving the development of markets	Instigate positive lasting changes for markets and the broader society	Incremental change directed at specific transactions
Stakeholders involved	Stakeholders involved in current and future transactions	Creating engagement among stakeholders of relevance for value-chain operations to create permanent context-specific CSR solutions	Involving a selected set of stakeholders to ensure compliance with (global) CSR standards
Examples of practices and outcomes	New market logic with established new rules of engagement among stakeholders	MNCs educating stakeholders in CSR norms and teaching new behaviours	Adapting to stakeholders needs for urgent problem solving

Generic categories	Market driving/driven characteristics	Proactive CSR	Reactive CSR
Goals and essence	Driving the development of markets	Instigate positive lasting changes for markets and the broader society	Incremental change directed at specific transactions
Stakeholders involved	Stakeholders involved in current and future transactions	Creating engagement among stakeholders of relevance for value-chain operations to create permanent context-specific CSR solutions	Involving a selected set of stakeholders to ensure compliance with (global) CSR standards
Examples of practices and outcomes	New market logic with established new rules of engagement among stakeholders	MNCs educating stakeholders in CSR norms and teaching new behaviours	Adapting to stakeholders needs for urgent problem solving