Table A2 Normative mechanisms of... | Emerald Publishing

Table A2

Normative mechanisms of institutional work by market-shaping public actors and illustrative quotes

Institutional pillar	Mechanism of institutional work	Finland	Sweden	New Zealand
Normative	Generic campaigning	“According to National Police Commissioner Kimmo Hakonen it is necessary that the current line of thought is justified consistently to the supporters of free (betting) market. In that work, the priority is on protecting the players from criminal activity and problem gambling. ‘We cannot justify this by saying that this is the way to get funding for good purpose,’ Hakonen says” (Aaltonen, 2008)	“It was really about that they (the Swedish Competition Authority) thought that the revenues were unreasonable” (district-heating 2) “Consumers are in a vulnerable position in the district heating market as they cannot choose their supplier. This is why it is important to inspect district heating undertakings” (Swedish Competition Authority, 2010)	“PublicActorX has backed (us) up in writing, it's a very difficult position for them to be in, because they, what they have not done, and you could never expect them to do, is to in any way step in to the turf of PublicActorY. But they've been very, very, very supportive, and been clear that they thought that CompanyX was the perfect execution of what the Act, and the government therefore, call for” (peer-to-peer 3) “Product disclosure statements for financial products – including debt and equity – made concise, and subject to page limits. An online register will include all the material information on offers under the FMC Act” (FMA media release, November 28, 2014)
Normative	Specific guiding	“From the Ministry we have been more in contact and tried to guide and discuss through information governance(…) from where this funding comes from and what is the impact (…) We have discussed with head of federations what is correct and what is less correct and through that, so to say, give guidance. And in terms of athletes that have been attracted as mannequins of foreign gaming companies, we have also discussed whether it's possible for athletes representing their country in the national team" (betting 1)	“It ended with that we were allowed to suggest a model where we had to show that we would keep within the same revenue cap as if we would have been regulated” (district-heating 1)	“Their internal position had been, look, this is not going to happen under the current law. And when we met with them their view was, look, if you really want to change this, you're going to have to change the law” (peer-to-peer 2) “We worked with the Australian regulators for a while and got what was then a no-action letter from them. So they said, look, you're one of a few people who've come to us with this idea, your debenture structure is probably the right way to go about this, we do not know if it's going to fully comply but basically we'll let you get up and running and then we might make our mind up a little bit later on. So take this letter as not a full endorsement or an exemption. More us saying, let's talk 12 months after you guys get up and running and as you get going. So we were, great, we've got this letter. At that point then we had to go around and try and find what was called a responsible entity for hire” (peer-to-peer 2)

Institutional pillar	Mechanism of institutional work	Finland	Sweden	New Zealand
Normative	Generic campaigning	“According to National Police Commissioner Kimmo Hakonen it is necessary that the current line of thought is justified consistently to the supporters of free (betting) market. In that work, the priority is on protecting the players from criminal activity and problem gambling. ‘We cannot justify this by saying that this is the way to get funding for good purpose,’ Hakonen says” (Aaltonen, 2008)	“It was really about that they (the Swedish Competition Authority) thought that the revenues were unreasonable” (district-heating 2)“Consumers are in a vulnerable position in the district heating market as they cannot choose their supplier. This is why it is important to inspect district heating undertakings” (Swedish Competition Authority, 2010)	“PublicActorX has backed (us) up in writing, it's a very difficult position for them to be in, because they, what they have not done, and you could never expect them to do, is to in any way step in to the turf of PublicActorY. But they've been very, very, very supportive, and been clear that they thought that CompanyX was the perfect execution of what the Act, and the government therefore, call for” (peer-to-peer 3)“Product disclosure statements for financial products – including debt and equity – made concise, and subject to page limits. An online register will include all the material information on offers under the FMC Act” (FMA media release, November 28, 2014)
Normative	Specific guiding	“From the Ministry we have been more in contact and tried to guide and discuss through information governance(…) from where this funding comes from and what is the impact (…) We have discussed with head of federations what is correct and what is less correct and through that, so to say, give guidance. And in terms of athletes that have been attracted as mannequins of foreign gaming companies, we have also discussed whether it's possible for athletes representing their country in the national team" (betting 1)	“It ended with that we were allowed to suggest a model where we had to show that we would keep within the same revenue cap as if we would have been regulated” (district-heating 1)	“Their internal position had been, look, this is not going to happen under the current law. And when we met with them their view was, look, if you really want to change this, you're going to have to change the law” (peer-to-peer 2)“We worked with the Australian regulators for a while and got what was then a no-action letter from them. So they said, look, you're one of a few people who've come to us with this idea, your debenture structure is probably the right way to go about this, we do not know if it's going to fully comply but basically we'll let you get up and running and then we might make our mind up a little bit later on. So take this letter as not a full endorsement or an exemption. More us saying, let's talk 12 months after you guys get up and running and as you get going. So we were, great, we've got this letter. At that point then we had to go around and try and find what was called a responsible entity for hire” (peer-to-peer 2)