Table I Literature streams integrated in... | Emerald Publishing

Table I

Literature streams integrated in the processual conceptualization of the actor

Literature stream		Overview	Key insights for reconceptualizing the actor in service research	Key references
Literature informing S-D logic's institutionally constituted account of the actor	Institutional theory (especially organizational studies)	A theory of enduring social structures, such as schemas, norms, rules, and the processes through which they come to constrain and enable social action, as well as become established as a shared basis for social behavior	1) Social structures comprising institutional arrangements are highly institutionalized, that is, widely practiced, largely uncontested, and resistant to change 2) Institutional arrangements enable and constrain action, and they make social life predictable and meaningful 3) Social roles are essential parts of institutional arrangements	Greenwood et al. (2008) Scott (2005; 2014)
	Structuration theory	A theory of society that considers structure and agency as mutually constitutive, that is, that neither the individual nor institutionalized social structures have causal priority in explaining social action	4) Institutional arrangements are reproduced and changed through social action 5) Human beings are knowledgeable and reflexive; therefore, they are capable of adapting institutionalized patterns of activity	Giddens (1984)
Additional literature informing the processual conceptualization of the actor developed in this paper	Social constructionism	A theory on the dialectic of the individual and society in the construction of knowledge. Departs from symbolic interactionism in examining how interacting individuals produce representations and mutual roles that institutionalize over time. The process of institutionalization joins shared conceptions with existing social structures, which, in turn, are the materials for the construction of individuals through socialization	6) Institutional arrangements are socially constructed (humanly devised) 7) Identity is formed through social processes 8) Primary socialization is the first socialization through which a child comes to absorb the cultural assumptions, values, norms, and beliefs of her parents and the community she is brought up in 9) Secondary socialization inducts an individual to a particular institutional subworld and its specialized, distributed knowledge, including its specific social identities	Berger and Luckmann (1967)
	Identity theory (structural symbolic interactionists)	A theory that uses identity to refer to the “parts of a self composed of the meanings that persons attach to the multiple roles they play in highly differentiated contemporary societies” (Stryker and Burke, 2000, p. 284). In this line of thought, identities constitute an essential component in understanding how social structures influence the development of a person and, in turn, how a person influences social structures	10) Individuals draw their social identities from the distinct contexts in which they occupy positions and perform roles 11) An individual selectively integrates her internalized social identities and other self-descriptions drawn from her biography and experiences into a coherent and relatively continuous objectification of the self (i.e. personal identity) 12) Personal identity directs the interpretation and enactment of situated social roles	Stryker (1968; 1980) Burke (1980; 1991) MacKinnon and Heise (2010)

Literature stream		Overview	Key insights for reconceptualizing the actor in service research	Key references
Literature informing S-D logic's institutionally constituted account of the actor	Institutional theory (especially organizational studies)	A theory of enduring social structures, such as schemas, norms, rules, and the processes through which they come to constrain and enable social action, as well as become established as a shared basis for social behavior	1) Social structures comprising institutional arrangements are highly institutionalized, that is, widely practiced, largely uncontested, and resistant to change2) Institutional arrangements enable and constrain action, and they make social life predictable and meaningful3) Social roles are essential parts of institutional arrangements	Greenwood et al. (2008)Scott (2005; 2014)
	Structuration theory	A theory of society that considers structure and agency as mutually constitutive, that is, that neither the individual nor institutionalized social structures have causal priority in explaining social action	4) Institutional arrangements are reproduced and changed through social action5) Human beings are knowledgeable and reflexive; therefore, they are capable of adapting institutionalized patterns of activity	Giddens (1984)
Additional literature informing the processual conceptualization of the actor developed in this paper	Social constructionism	A theory on the dialectic of the individual and society in the construction of knowledge. Departs from symbolic interactionism in examining how interacting individuals produce representations and mutual roles that institutionalize over time. The process of institutionalization joins shared conceptions with existing social structures, which, in turn, are the materials for the construction of individuals through socialization	6) Institutional arrangements are socially constructed (humanly devised)7) Identity is formed through social processes8) Primary socialization is the first socialization through which a child comes to absorb the cultural assumptions, values, norms, and beliefs of her parents and the community she is brought up in9) Secondary socialization inducts an individual to a particular institutional subworld and its specialized, distributed knowledge, including its specific social identities	Berger and Luckmann (1967)
	Identity theory (structural symbolic interactionists)	A theory that uses identity to refer to the “parts of a self composed of the meanings that persons attach to the multiple roles they play in highly differentiated contemporary societies” (Stryker and Burke, 2000, p. 284). In this line of thought, identities constitute an essential component in understanding how social structures influence the development of a person and, in turn, how a person influences social structures	10) Individuals draw their social identities from the distinct contexts in which they occupy positions and perform roles11) An individual selectively integrates her internalized social identities and other self-descriptions drawn from her biography and experiences into a coherent and relatively continuous objectification of the self (i.e. personal identity)12) Personal identity directs the interpretation and enactment of situated social roles	Stryker (1968; 1980)Burke (1980; 1991) MacKinnon and Heise (2010)