Table 1 Main characteristics of analysed...

Table 1

Main characteristics of analysed cases

Cases	Foundation	Legal form	Type of cultural site	Business orientation	Ownership	Start-up capital	Life cycle phase	Principal activities	SEOs’ members interviewed
#1	2006	Social cooperative A)	Religious buildings	Not for profit	Ecclesiastical	Private grant	Consolidation	Cultural, commercial and performing arts	President, vice-president
#2	2012	Foundation	Ancient village	Not for profit	Public	Public grant	Consolidation	Cultural and performing arts	Senior member, vice-president
#3	2009	Association	Churches	Not for profit	Ecclesiastical	Own capital	Growing	Cultural, touristic and social	President, founder
#4	2017	Social cooperative A)	Archaeological sites	Not for profit	Public	Own capital	Growing	Cultural, social, touristic and commercial	President
#5	2008	Association	Historical building	Not for profit	Private	Own capital	Consolidation	Co-working incubators and music events	President, vice-president, co-founder
#6	2005	Foundation	Woollen mill	Not for profit	Public–private partnership	Public capital	Growing	Co-working incubators, cultural, and healthcare services	President, co-founder, senior member
#7	2013	Foundation	Archaeological sites	Not for profit	Public	Private capital from venture capitalist	Consolidation	Cultural and social	Co-founder, senior partner
#8	2009	Social cooperative A)	Churches and catacombs	Not for profit	Ecclesiastical	Private capital from venture capitalist	Consolidation	Cultural, touristic and social	President, senior member
#9	2010	Association	Protected sea area	Not for profit	Public	Own capital	Consolidation	Research study, protection and enhancement	President, vice-president
#10	2012	Foundation	Religious buildings	Not for profit	Ecclesiastical	Own capital	Growing	Cultural and social	Founder
#11	2005	Foundation	Ancient village	Not for profit	Public	Own capital	Consolidation	Co-working incubators, cultural and performing arts	Funding partner
#12	2012	Social cooperative A)	Underground cave	Not for profit	Public	Private grant	Growing	Cultural and touristic	Founder, vice-president, hr manager
#13	2003	Association	Eco-museum	Not for profit	Private	Private grant	Consolidation	Cultural, performing arts and social activities	President, founder
#14	2013	Social cooperative A)	Archaeological sites	Not for profit	Public	Public grant	Growing	Research study, protection and enhancement	President, co-founder, regular member
#15	2010	Association	Churches and historical buildings	Not for profit	Public–private partnership	Own capital	Consolidation	Cultural and social	Co-founder

Cases	Foundation	Legal form	Type of cultural site	Business orientation	Ownership	Start-up capital	Life cycle phase	Principal activities	SEOs’ members interviewed
#1	2006	Social cooperative A)	Religious buildings	Not for profit	Ecclesiastical	Private grant	Consolidation	Cultural, commercial and performing arts	President, vice-president
#2	2012	Foundation	Ancient village	Not for profit	Public	Public grant	Consolidation	Cultural and performing arts	Senior member, vice-president
#3	2009	Association	Churches	Not for profit	Ecclesiastical	Own capital	Growing	Cultural, touristic and social	President, founder
#4	2017	Social cooperative A)	Archaeological sites	Not for profit	Public	Own capital	Growing	Cultural, social, touristic and commercial	President
#5	2008	Association	Historical building	Not for profit	Private	Own capital	Consolidation	Co-working incubators and music events	President, vice-president, co-founder
#6	2005	Foundation	Woollen mill	Not for profit	Public–private partnership	Public capital	Growing	Co-working incubators, cultural, and healthcare services	President, co-founder, senior member
#7	2013	Foundation	Archaeological sites	Not for profit	Public	Private capital from venture capitalist	Consolidation	Cultural and social	Co-founder, senior partner
#8	2009	Social cooperative A)	Churches and catacombs	Not for profit	Ecclesiastical	Private capital from venture capitalist	Consolidation	Cultural, touristic and social	President, senior member
#9	2010	Association	Protected sea area	Not for profit	Public	Own capital	Consolidation	Research study, protection and enhancement	President, vice-president
#10	2012	Foundation	Religious buildings	Not for profit	Ecclesiastical	Own capital	Growing	Cultural and social	Founder
#11	2005	Foundation	Ancient village	Not for profit	Public	Own capital	Consolidation	Co-working incubators, cultural and performing arts	Funding partner
#12	2012	Social cooperative A)	Underground cave	Not for profit	Public	Private grant	Growing	Cultural and touristic	Founder, vice-president, hr manager
#13	2003	Association	Eco-museum	Not for profit	Private	Private grant	Consolidation	Cultural, performing arts and social activities	President, founder
#14	2013	Social cooperative A)	Archaeological sites	Not for profit	Public	Public grant	Growing	Research study, protection and enhancement	President, co-founder, regular member
#15	2010	Association	Churches and historical buildings	Not for profit	Public–private partnership	Own capital	Consolidation	Cultural and social	Co-founder

Note(s): The spectrum of social entrepreneurship in Italy includes both legally recognized and de facto social enterprises (associations and foundations with significant market activities and explicit social aims; social cooperative A type) delivering social, health and educational services; social cooperative (type B) providing work integration

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