Table 4

Innovation strategies and social criteria for SEO business models, illustrated by cases

Narratives from cultural SEOsBusiness model innovation strategiesSocial business model criteria
“Social relationships […] supported us matter because they are resource that can leverage in the start-up process. […] We are lucky: social capital and trust greatly characterize our business”Social relationshipStart-up capital
“After taking a tour, some visitors feel so involved in the project that they put themselves forward as volunteers, and start actively participating […]”Empowerment
“The beach cleaning is an activity that strongly joins us as a community. We are grateful of this, because […] we realize that we are more cheerful and motivated”Co-participationSocial value proposition
“Sharing organizational responsibilities is not a symptom of inability, it is working side by side, helping each other for the same scope … What can you do alone ?”Generative leadership
“Many of us were in their place years ago and without the birth of this cooperative who knows what would have happened to us? Our goal is to grow an educating community in the area […]”Socially-oriented activitiesSocial value equation
“We decided not to be just service providers but instead become a platform for starting different cultural and social projects [ …]”Asset-based development
“Site entry is free to allow access especially for younger people, and avoid creating social barriers. This allows us to cover only one-third of our spending needs, but the rest is covered by commercial activities at the site and by public funding”Cross-subsidization
“[…] The Community Foundation was born … out of the need to bring together all the local people who have worked on a common goal”GrassrootsSocial profit equation
“Profits are reinvested within the organization for ordinary and extraordinary maintenance of the site”Management of surplus

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