Table 1

Overview of research on engagement

StudyResearch focusResearch methodResearch settingHedonic vs utilitarian serviceHigh vs low engagement
Bowden (2009) Propose a customer engagement framework for service brandsConceptualGeneral with respect to service brandsHedonicn/a
Breidbach et al. (2014) Study the role of engagement platforms for value co-creation, the performance of service and ecosystems, and managing service qualityConceptual and exploratory (case study)Online engagement platformsHedonic and utilitarianHigh
Brodie et al. (2011) Explore theoretical foundations of customer engagement and derive fundamental propositions to distinguish it from other conceptsConceptualn/an/aHigh and low
Calder et al. (2009) Study how engagement with online media increases advertising effectivenessConceptual and empirical (experiment, causal)Online advertisingHedonic (empirical application) and utilitarianHigh
Groeger et al. (2016) Propose the concept of non-paying consumer (e.g., receiving free trials) engagement behaviors and how they might be leveraged to create firm valueConceptual and empirical (field study, correlational)Consumer brands in the food industryHedonicHigh
Harmeling et al. (2017) Conceptualize customer engagement marketing and test the framework's predictions in a supermarket settingConceptual and empirical (survey, correlational)Empirical application: supermarketHedonicn/a
Hollebeek (2011) Conceptualize customer brand engagementConceptual and empirical (in-depth interviews)Various consumer goodsHedonicHigh
Hollebeek (2013) Conceptualize how customer engagement contributes to customer valueConceptual and empirical (in-depth interviews)Various consumer goodsHedonic and utilitarianHigh
Hollebeek et al. (2014) Conceptualize, develop, and validate a scale for consumer brand engagement in social mediaConceptual and empirical (survey, correlational)Social mediaHedonicHigh
Hollebeek and Macky (2019) Conceptualize the relationship of digital content marketing (DCM) with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagementConceptualDigital content marketingHedonic and utilitariann/a
Jaakkola and Alexander (2014) Conceptualize the role of customer engagement behavior in value co-creationConceptual and empirical (in-depth interviews)Public transport service systemHedonicn/a
Kumar et al. (2010) Propose that customer engagement value comprises purchase behavior, referral of new customers, behavior to influence other customers, and value added to the firm by feedbackConceptualGeneraln/an/a
Kumar and Pansari (2016) Develop an engagement framework, with focal constructs of customer engagement and employee engagement, and validate frameworkConceptual and empirical (survey, correlational)Manufacturing and service firmsn/aHigh and low
Kumar et al. (2019) Develop a framework to facilitate customer engagement in serviceConceptual and empirical (in-depth interviews)Service firmsn/an/a
Lehmann et al. (2012) Develop models of user engagement with online services and establish relations between engagement metricsEmpirical (correlational)Online services (web pages)n/aHigh
van Doorn et al. (2010) Develop and discuss the concept of customer engagement behaviorsConceptualGeneraln/an/a
Verleye et al. (2014) Propose and test theoretical model of managerial and psychological processes to encourage customer engagement behaviors that are embedded in a broader network of customers and stakeholdersConceptual and empirical (survey, correlational)Nursing home sectorUtilitarianHigh
Vivek et al. (2012) Explore the nature and scope of customer engagement as a component of relationship marketingConceptualGeneraln/an/a
This studyEstablish a conceptual model and calibrate it with empirical data for engagement in retirement planningConceptual and empirical (field survey)Retirement planningUtilitarianLow

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