Table 4.

Generativity attributes of systems, digital artefacts, fitness-utility-model and three degrees of freedom model

Systems and digital artefactsProcess and resonance fitness, degrees of freedom
Generativity attributes (Systems):Evolutionary characteristics of the fitness-utility-model
(Eck et al., 2015) based on Zittrain (2008):(Gill and Hevner, 2013; Schmitt and Gill, 2019)
Social generativity (process fitness attributes):
• Leverage• Decomposability
• Adaptability• Malleability
• Ease of mastery• Openness
• Accessibility• Antifragility
• Transferability 
 Informational generativity (resonance fitness attributes):
 • Novelty
• Interestingness
• Elegance
Immediate characteristics (I) and corollary attributes (C)Degrees of freedom (DOF) model (van Osch, 2012)
(Eck et al., 2015) based on Kallinikos et al. (2013):Cognitive (C), Technological (T), Structural (S) DOFs:
• Interactivity (I)• Reflection (C)
• Editability (I)• Interaction (C)
• Reprogrammability (I)• Representation (C)
• Distributedness (I)• Tailorability (T)
• Modularity (C)• Openness (T)
• Granularity (C)• Transience (S)
• Reflexive dynamics (C)• Laterality (S)
Source: Schmitt, 2020a 

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