Suitable emerging technologies in the DM field
| Technology | Description | Main applications | Main applications in DM |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet of things (IoT) | IoT refers to the networking of physical objects using embedded sensors and other devices that collect and transmit information about real-time activity within the network (Harbet, 2017) | Location finding Big data processing Mobility management (Asghari et al., 2019) | Response |
| Artificial intelligence (AI) | AI is the ability of a machine to learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks. AI systems can be used either to support/assist human decision-makers or to replace them (Duan et al., 2019) | Process automation to perform specific tasks Cognitive insights using machine learning algorithms to detect patterns in vast volumes of data and interpret their meaning Cognitive engagement using natural language processing tools to provide prompt response to specific needs (Davenport and Ronanki, 2018) | Mitigation/prevention |
| Big data analytics (BDA) | BDA management involves the processing of huge amounts of data coming from different sources in different formats to acquire intelligence from the data. BDA can be viewed as a sub-process in the overall process of insight extraction from big data (Gandomi and Haider, 2015) | Data management Data analytics, e.g. modelling, analysis and interpretation of results | Emergency response/recovery |
| Remote sensing (RS) | RS provides observation of some physical parameters in a mapping frame at a given time or period (Toth and Jozkow, 2016) | Image and spatial data acquisition for topographic mapping Remote platform control, e.g. satellite or unmanned aerial systems or vehicles like drones | Preparedness/response |
| Geospatial data (GIS) | GIS provides the geographic and location information of different data objects connected with a specific place or location, which can then be mapped (Barcevičius et al., 2019) | Earth observation (Breunig et al., 2020) | Mitigation/recovery |
| Robotics and automation (RA) | RA technologies automate repetitive, routine, rule-based human tasks, aiming to bring benefits to organisations (Ivancic et al., 2019) | Industry 4.0 Health-care industry Emergency management Smart city applications (Macrorie et al., 2019) | Response/recovery |
| Social media | Social media is an umbrella term and a revolutionary trend which refers to online blogs, micro-blogs, social networking, forums, collaborative projects and the sharing of photos and videos (Xu et al., 2019) | Crowdsourcing Communication during emergency and disaster management (Harrison and Johson, 2016; Mehta et al., 2017a, 2019 b) | Response |
| Blockchain | BC is a distributed peer-to-peer ledger that provides a way for information to be recorded, aggregated and shared within a heterogeneous community of participants (Felin and Lakhani, 2018) | BC has been so far applied, amongst others, in the financial sector, logistics and supply chain, health care, food safety, art market and agriculture | Relief–recovery |
| Technology | Description | Main applications | Main applications in DM |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet of things (IoT) | IoT refers to the networking of physical objects using embedded sensors and other devices that collect and transmit information about real-time activity within the network (Harbet, 2017) | Location finding | Response |
| Artificial intelligence (AI) | AI is the ability of a machine to learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks. | Process automation to perform specific tasks | Mitigation/prevention |
| Big data analytics (BDA) | BDA management involves the processing of huge amounts of data coming from different sources in different formats to acquire intelligence from the data. | Data management | Emergency response/recovery |
| Remote sensing (RS) | RS provides observation of some physical parameters in a mapping frame at a given time or period ( | Image and spatial data acquisition for topographic mapping | Preparedness/response |
| Geospatial data (GIS) | GIS provides the geographic and location information of different data objects connected with a specific place or location, which can then be mapped ( | Earth observation | Mitigation/recovery |
| Robotics and automation (RA) | RA technologies automate repetitive, routine, rule-based human tasks, aiming to bring benefits to organisations (Ivancic | Industry 4.0 | Response/recovery |
| Social media | Social media is an umbrella term and a revolutionary trend which refers to online blogs, micro-blogs, social networking, forums, collaborative projects and the sharing of photos and videos (Xu | Crowdsourcing | Response |
| Blockchain | BC is a distributed peer-to-peer ledger that provides a way for information to be recorded, aggregated and shared within a heterogeneous community of participants (Felin and Lakhani, 2018) | BC has been so far applied, amongst others, in the financial sector, logistics and supply chain, health care, food safety, art market and agriculture | Relief–recovery |