Profile of sample firms (Pakistan and Malaysia)
| Total sample | Pakistan (160) | Malaysia (136) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Percentage % | Frequency | Percentage % | |
| Firm Age (Year) | ||||
| 1–10 | 13 | 8.1% | 9 | 6.6% |
| 11–20 | 13 | 8.1% | 10 | 7.4% |
| 21–30 | 56 | 35% | 48 | 35.3% |
| above 30 | 78 | 49% | 69 | 51% |
| Industry type | ||||
| Textile | 40 | 25.0 | 47 | 34.6 |
| Chemical | 58 | 36.3 | 32 | 23.5 |
| Food and Beverage | 35 | 21.9 | 32 | 23.5 |
| Rubber and Plastic | 3 | 1.9 | 10 | 7.4 |
| Metal Product | 11 | 6.9 | 5 | 3.7 |
| Pharmaceutical | 6 | 3.8 | 3 | 2.2 |
| Communication and computer-related equipment | 2 | 1.3 | 3 | 2.2 |
| Electrical equipment | 2 | 1.3 | 2 | 1.5 |
| Machinery and engineering | 3 | 1.9 | 2 | 1.5 |
| Firm size (no of employees) | ||||
| Less than 50 | 9 | 5.6 | 7 | 5.1 |
| 50–99 | 25 | 16 | 23 | 16.9 |
| 100–299 | 56 | 35.0 | 49 | 36.0 |
| 300–999 | 43 | 26.9 | 34 | 25.0 |
| 1,000–1,999 | 15 | 9.4 | 13 | 9.6 |
| 2,000–4,999 | 7 | 4.4 | 6 | 4.4 |
| 5,000 or more | 5 | 3.1 | 4 | 3.0 |
| Ownership structure | ||||
| State-owned firms | 78 | 48.8 | 94 | 69.1 |
| Private-owned firms | 30 | 18.8 | 6 | 4.4 |
| Foreign-invested firms | 52 | 32.5 | 36 | 26.5 |
| Total sample | Pakistan (160) | Malaysia (136) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Percentage % | Frequency | Percentage % | |
| 1–10 | 13 | 8.1% | 9 | 6.6% |
| 11–20 | 13 | 8.1% | 10 | 7.4% |
| 21–30 | 56 | 35% | 48 | 35.3% |
| above 30 | 78 | 49% | 69 | 51% |
| Textile | 40 | 25.0 | 47 | 34.6 |
| Chemical | 58 | 36.3 | 32 | 23.5 |
| Food and Beverage | 35 | 21.9 | 32 | 23.5 |
| Rubber and Plastic | 3 | 1.9 | 10 | 7.4 |
| Metal Product | 11 | 6.9 | 5 | 3.7 |
| Pharmaceutical | 6 | 3.8 | 3 | 2.2 |
| Communication and computer-related equipment | 2 | 1.3 | 3 | 2.2 |
| Electrical equipment | 2 | 1.3 | 2 | 1.5 |
| Machinery and engineering | 3 | 1.9 | 2 | 1.5 |
| Less than 50 | 9 | 5.6 | 7 | 5.1 |
| 50–99 | 25 | 16 | 23 | 16.9 |
| 100–299 | 56 | 35.0 | 49 | 36.0 |
| 300–999 | 43 | 26.9 | 34 | 25.0 |
| 1,000–1,999 | 15 | 9.4 | 13 | 9.6 |
| 2,000–4,999 | 7 | 4.4 | 6 | 4.4 |
| 5,000 or more | 5 | 3.1 | 4 | 3.0 |
| State-owned firms | 78 | 48.8 | 94 | 69.1 |
| Private-owned firms | 30 | 18.8 | 6 | 4.4 |
| Foreign-invested firms | 52 | 32.5 | 36 | 26.5 |
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