Table 1.

Taxonomy of serendipity

What type of solution did the discovery lead to?
Is there a targeted line of enquiry?Yes:
Searching with a defined problem in mind
A solution for the given problemSolution for a different problem
Mertonian serendipityWalpolian serendipity
No:
Searching with no particular problem in mind
A solution for a pre-existing problemA solution waiting for a problem
Bushian serendipityStephanian serendipity
Source: Yaqub (2018, p. 172)

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