Table 4.

Framework of serendipitous drift and insights from the case

Framework elementTimelineCase evidence
Trigger2007–2011Cultural triggers: the need to put the human before the employee. Fostering dialogue, empowerment, engagement, humanistic management
 Business triggers: the need to survive and make profit
Directed effort and experimentationSince 2008Experimentation with traditional MA practices: quality control, Balanced Scorecard, SWOT, budget, charts of accounts, direct method costing, targets and KPIs
 Experimentation with culture-driven MA practices: Balanced Scorecard, non-financial targets and KPIs, ISO 14001, EMAS, IR and the six capitals, Agenda 2030
Networks and relationsSince 2008External networks: universities, Business Reporting Network, business associations
 Internal networks: internal meetings, feedback mailbox, shared spaces
Enaction2012–2019Actors translate triggers into questions that are addressed through action (i.e. developing practices). Practices are iterated, discharged and modified according to their ability to meet needs
 Translating and adapting the Balanced Scorecard, risk mapping, a business model matching Alpha’s contexts with needs
Eureka moment2017–2019Several MA practices, the most unexpected and impactful being the IR Framework
OutcomeSince 2017IR as a promoter of strategic thinking, engagement, dialogue and systematisation. Integrated reports as a communication and management tool
ReflectionSince 2019The search for solutions unexpectedly results in integrated reporting
Recognising there is as much value in the search as the outcome

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